Visualizing Individual Nitrogen Dopants in Monolayer Graphene

Abstract

In monolayer graphene, substitutional doping during growth can be used to alter its electronic properties. We used scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), Raman spectroscopy, x-ray spectroscopy, and first principles calculations to characterize individual nitrogen dopants in monolayer graphene grown on a copper substrate. Individual nitrogen atoms were incorporated as graphitic dopants, and a fraction of the extra electron on each nitrogen atom was delocalized into the graphene lattice. The electronic structure of nitrogen-doped graphene was strongly modified only within a few lattice spacings of the site of the nitrogen dopant. These findings show that chemical doping is a promising route to achieving high-quality graphene films with a large carrier concentration.

Science 2011

References in corpus (14)

• Quantum ESPRESSO: a modular and open-source software project for quantum simulations of materials
• The electronic properties of graphene
• The Raman Fingerprint of Graphene
• Large-Area Synthesis of High-Quality and Uniform Graphene Films on Copper Foils
• Electrochemically Top Gated Graphene: Monitoring Dopants by Raman Scattering
• Doping graphene with metal contacts
• First-principles study of the interaction and charge transfer between graphene and metals
• Electric Field Effect Tuning of Electron-Phonon Coupling in Graphene
• Origin of Spatial Charge Inhomogeneity in Graphene
• Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy of Graphene on Graphite
• Giant Phonon-induced Conductance in Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy of Gate-tunable Graphene
• Atomic Hole Doping of Graphene
• Spatially resolved spectroscopy of monolayer graphene on SiO2
• Grain Boundary Loops in Graphene

Cited by in corpus (84)

• Evidence of silicene in honeycomb structures of silicon on Ag(111)
• Evidence for Dirac Fermions in a honeycomb lattice based on silicon
• Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Sheets Grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition: Synthesis and Influence of Nitrogen Impurities on Carrier Transport
• Electronic properties of graphene: a perspective from scanning tunneling microscopy and magneto-transport
• Localized state and charge transfer in nitrogen-doped graphene
• Creating One-dimensional Nanoscale Periodic Ripples in a Continuous Mosaic Graphene Monolayer
• Growth and Electronic Structure of Boron-Doped Graphene
• Atomic Configuration of Nitrogen Doped Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
• Electronic Structures of N-doped Graphene with Native Point Defects
• Opening the band gap of graphene through silicon doping for improved performance of graphene/GaAs heterojunction solar cells
• Linear Scaling Quantum Transport Methodologies
• Long-range interactions between substitutional nitrogen dopants in graphene: electronic properties calculations
• Broken Symmetries, Zero-Energy Modes, and Quantum Transport in Disordered Graphene: From Supermetallic to Insulating Regimes
• Strain Modulated Superlattices in Graphene
• Ordered Semiconducting Nitrogen-Graphene Alloys
• Nitrogen-doped graphene based triboelectric nanogenerators
• Ferromagnetism in nitrogen doped graphene
• Atomistic Boron-Doped Graphene Field Effect Transistors: A Route towards Unipolar Characteristics
• Generating nanoscale and atomically-sharp p-n junctions in graphene via monolayer-vacancy-island engineering of Cu surface
• Inducing Kondo Screening of Vacancy Magnetic Moments in Graphene with Gating and Local Curvature
• Electron-Hole Symmetry Breaking in Charge Transport in Nitrogen-Doped Graphene
• Strains Induced by Point Defects in Graphene on a Metal
• Effects of nitrogen-doping configurations with vacancies on conductivity in graphene
• Quantum Critical Transition and Kondo Screening of Magnetic Moments in Graphene
• Splitting of the Zero-Energy Landau Level and Universal Dissipative Conductivity at Critical Points in Disordered Graphene
• Direct imaging of monovacancy-hydrogen complexes in single graphitic layer
• Nitrogenated, Phosphorated and Arsenicated Monolayer Holey Graphenes
• Thermal stability study of nitrogen functionalities in a graphene network
• The impact of edges and dopants on the work function of graphene nanostructures. The way to high electronic emission from pure carbon medium
• Emergence of photoswitchable states in a graphene-azobenzene-Au platform
• Electronic structure of vacancy resonant states in graphene: a critical review of the single vacancy case
• Atomistic Mechanisms of Codoping-Induced p- to n-Type Conversion in Nitrogen-Doped Graphene
• Direct Probing Stacking Order and Electronic Spectrum of Rhombohedral Trilayer Graphene with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
• Wide-Gap Semiconducting Graphene from Nitrogen-Seeded SiC
• Massless Dirac Fermions Trapping in a Quasi-one-dimensional npn Junction of a Continuous Graphene Monolayer
• Contrasting Elastic Properties of Heavily B- and N-doped Graphene, with Random Distributions Including Aggregates
• Valley Hall Effect and Non-Local Resistance in Locally Gapped Graphene
• Quantum Many-Body Effects in X-Ray Spectra Efficiently Computed using a Basic Graph Algorithm
• Friedel Oscillations in Graphene: Sublattice Asymmetry in Doping
• Growth and electronic structure of graphene on semiconducting Ge(110)
• The tunnelling spectra of quasi-free-standing graphene monolayer
• "Inside Out" Growth Method for High-Quality Nitrogen-Doped Graphene
• Dissipative Transport in Rough Edge Graphene Nanoribbon Tunnel Transistors
• Raman Spectroscopy of magneto-phonon resonances in Graphene and Graphite
• Sublattice asymmetry of impurity doping in graphene: A review
• Direct Visualization of Native Defects in Graphite and Their Effect on the Electronic Properties of Bernal-Stacked Bilayer Graphene
• Properties of single-layer graphene doped by nitrogen with different concentrations
• Spin Manipulation in Graphene by Chemically-Induced Sublattice Pseudospin Polarization
• Spatially resolving density-dependent screening around a single charged atom in graphene
• Imaging the dynamics of individual hydrogen atom intercalated between two graphene sheets
• Sublattice imbalance of substitutionally doped nitrogen in graphene
• Modification of electronic surface states by graphene islands on Cu(111)
• Atomistic $T$-matrix theory of disordered 2D materials: Bound states, spectral properties, quasiparticle scattering, and transport
• Spatial segregation of substitutional B atoms in graphene patterned by the moiré superlattice on Ir(111)
• Activation of Graphenic Carbon due to Substitutional Doping by Nitrogen: Mechanistic Understanding from First-principles
• Valley current generation using biased bilayer graphene dots
• Anomalous Hall metals from strong disorder in class A systems on partite lattices
• Sublattice dependence and gate-tunability of midgap and resonant states induced by native dopants in Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene
• Modulation of Kekulé adatom ordering due to strain in graphene
• Distinct mechanisms of DNA sensing based on N-doped carbon nanotubes with enhanced conductance and chemical selectivity
• Effects of short-range electron-electron interactions in doped graphene
• Nitrogen doping of carbon nanoelectrodes for enhanced control of DNA translocation dynamics
• Nanoscale Probing of Broken-Symmetry States in Graphene Induced by Individual Atomic Impurities
• Imaging the potential distribution of individual charged impurities on graphene by low-energy electron holography
• Native defects in ultra-high vacuum grown graphene islands on Cu(111)
• First-principles multiscale modelling of charged adsorbates on doped graphene
• Electronic transport in graphene nanoribbons with sublattice-asymmetric doping
• Nitrogen Doped Graphene Quantum Dots as Possible Substrates to Stabilize Planar Conformer of Au 20 Over its Tetrahedral Conformer: A Systematic DFT Study
• Structure and Electronic States of a Graphene Double Vacancy with an Embedded Si Dopant
• Black Phosphorus n-type doping by Cu: a microscopic surface investigation
• Probing the graphene/substrate interaction by electron tunneling decay
• Engineering the De-localized States of Graphene Quantum Dots
• The electronic structure and intervalley coupling of artificial and genuine graphene superlattice
• Spectroscopic Characterization of Landau Level Splitting and the Intermediate v = 0 Phase in Bilayer Graphene
• Recent advances of defect-induced spin and valley polarized states in graphene
• Sublattice Segregation of Hydrogen Adsorbates in Carbon Nanotubes
• Self-consistent model of edge doping in graphene
• Doping Graphene via Organic Solid-Solid Wetting Deposition
• The influence of Gaussian strain on sublattice selectivity of impurities in graphene
• Quantum Imaging of Single-Atom Spin-Splitting in a Monolayer Semiconductor
• Impact of Nitrogen Atom Clusters and Vacancy Defects on Graphene: A Molecular Dynamics Investigation
• Tuning electronic properties and Schottky contact in graphene-based van der Waals heterostructures by electric gating and interlayer coupling
• The impact of nitrogen doping on the linear and nonlinear terahertz response of graphene
• Substrate dopant induced electronic inhomogeneity in epitaxial bilayer graphene