Generation of Ultrastable Microwaves via Optical Frequency Division

Abstract

There has been increased interest in the use and manipulation of optical fields to address challenging problems that have traditionally been approached with microwave electronics. Some examples that benefit from the low transmission loss, agile modulation and large bandwidths accessible with coherent optical systems include signal distribution, arbitrary waveform generation, and novel imaging. We extend these advantages to demonstrate a microwave generator based on a high-Q optical resonator and a frequency comb functioning as an optical-to-microwave divider. This provides a 10 GHz electrical signal with fractional frequency instability <8e-16 at 1 s, a value comparable to that produced by the best microwave oscillators, but without the need for cryogenic temperatures. Such a low-noise source can benefit radar systems, improve the bandwidth and resolution of communications and digital sampling systems, and be valuable for large baseline interferometry, precision spectroscopy and the realization of atomic time.

References in corpus (4)

• Making optical atomic clocks more stable with $10^{-16}$ level laser stabilization
• Compact, thermal-noise-limited optical cavity for diode laser stabilization at 1 x 10-15
• Characterization of Power-to-Phase Conversion in High-Speed P-I-N Photodiodes
• Frequency-stabilization to 6x10^-16 via spectral-hole burning

Cited by in corpus (148)

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• Two-way interconversion of millimeter-wave and optical fields in Rydberg gases
• Harmonic Frequency Locking and Tuning of Comb Frequency Spacing through Optical Injection
• Characterizing a fiber-based frequency comb with electro-optic modulator
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• Sideband Injection Locking in Microresonator Frequency Combs
• Phased-Locked Two-Color Single Soliton Microcombs in Dispersion-Engineered Si3N4 Resonators
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• Coupling atoms to cavities with narrow linewidth optical transitions: Applications to frequency metrology
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• An atomic clockwork using phase dependent energy shifts
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• Dual-microcavity narrow-linewidth Brillouin laser
• A low-phase-noise 18 GHz Kerr frequency microcomb phase-locked over 65 THz
• Narrow-linewidth optical frequency comb reference to a fiber delay line
• Ultra-Narrow Linewidth Brillouin Lasers with Nanokelvin Thermometry
• Feedforward Cancellation of High-Frequency Phase Noise in Frequency-Doubled Lasers
• Ultralow noise microwaves with free-running frequency combs and electrical feedforward
• Evaluation at the Remote Site for Ultra-stable Radio Frequency Dissemination via Fiber Links
• Characterization of Long-Term Stable Photonic Microwaves based on a Difference Frequency Comb