A `Hypernova' model for SN 1998bw associated with gamma-ray burst of 25 April 1998

Abstract

The discovery of the peculiar supernova (SN) 1998bw and its possible association with the gamma-ray burst (GRB) 980425${}^{1,2,3}$ provide new clues to the understanding of the explosion mechanism of very massive stars and to the origin of some classes of gamma-ray bursts. Its spectra indicate that SN~1998bw is a type Ic supernova${}^{3,4}$, but its peak luminosity is unusually high compared with typical type Ic supernovae${}^3$. Here we report our findings that the optical spectra and the light curve of SN 1998bw can be well reproduced by an extremely energetic explosion of a massive carbon+oxygen (C+O) star. The kinetic energy is as large as $\sim 2-5\times 10^{52}$ ergs, more than ten times the previously known energy of supernovae. For this reason, the explosion may be called a `hypernova'. Such a C+O star is the stripped core of a very massive star that has lost its H and He envelopes. The extremely large energy, suggesting the existence of a new mechanism of massive star explosion, can cause a relativistic shock that may be linked to the gamma-ray burst.

to appear in Nature(accepted July 27; submitted June 11, 1998)

References in corpus (3)

• Discovery of the peculiar supernova 1998bw in the error box of GRB980425
• Are Gamma-Ray Bursts in Star Forming Regions?
• Nucleosynthesis in Type II supernovae and the abundances in metal-poor stars

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• On the frequency and remnants of Hypernovae
• Liverpool Telescope 2: a new robotic facility for rapid transient follow-up
• The effects of a magnetar engine on the gamma-ray burst-associated supernovae: Application to double-peaked SN 2006aj
• Testing Feedback from Star Clusters in Simulations of the Milky Way Formation
• Goodness-of-Fit Tests DIFF1 and DIFF2 for Locally-Normalized Supernova Spectra
• EP241021a: a months-duration X-ray transient with luminous optical and radio emission
• Optical Observations of the Young Type Ic Supernova SN 2014L in M99
• SN 2023ixf -- an average-energy explosion with circumstellar medium and a precursor
• Modeling The Most Luminous Supernova Associated with a Gamma-Ray Burst, SN 2011kl
• A White Dwarf Merger Paradigm for Supernovae and Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Ultraviolet light curves of Gaia16apd in superluminous supernova models
• Extracting high-level information from gamma-ray burst supernova spectra
• Modelling of SN2013dx associated with the low-redshift GRB130702A points to diversity in GRB/SN properties
• Paving the way to simultaneous multi-wavelength astronomy
• Gamma-Ray Burst Dust Echoes Revisited: Expectations at Early Times
• Cooling of young neutron stars in GRB associated to Supernova
• The velocity distribution of outflows driven by choked jets in stellar envelopes
• Extracting Rotational Energy in Supernova Progenitors: Transient Poynting Flux Growth vs. Turbulent Dissipation
• A Quark-Nova in the wake of a core-collapse Supernova: a unifying model for long duration Gamma-Ray Bursts and Fast Radio Bursts
• Hypernova Nucleosynthesis and Galactic Chemical Evolution
• Studying the SN-GRB connection with X-shooter: The GRB 100316D / SN 2010bh case
• GRB 201015A: from seconds to months of optical monitoring and supernova discovery
• Gamma-ray bursts, axion emission and string theory dilaton
• Luminous supernovae associated with ultra-long gamma-ray bursts from hydrogen-free progenitors extended by pulsational pair-instability
• The Chemical Evolution of Iron-Peak Elements with Hypernovae
• Hydrodynamics and Nucleosynthesis of Jet-Driven Supernovae I: Parameter Study of the Dependence on Jet Energetics
• Circular polarization of cosmic photons due to their interactions with Sterile neutrino dark matter
• Line Expansion Opacity in Relativistically Expanding Media
• Observational Constraints on Late-Time Radio Rebrightening of GRB-Supernovae
• Hydrodynamic mixing of accretion disk outflows in collapsars: implications for r-process signatures
• On the X-ray, optical and radio afterglows of the BdHN I GRB 180720B generated by the synchrotron emission
• Constraints on high-energy neutrino emission from SN 2008D
• NH3 in the Galactic Center is formed in Cool Conditions
• The Farthest Known Supernova: Support for an Accelerating Universe and a Glimpse of the Epoch of Deceleration
• On The Origin of Supernova-Less Long Gamma Ray Bursts
• Search for broad absorption lines in spectra of stars in the field of supernova remnant RX J0852.0-4622 (Vela Jr.)
• XMM-Newton Observations of the Field of Gamma-Ray Burst 980425
• A HaloSat Analysis of the Cygnus Superbubble
• Numerical relativity simulations of black hole and relativistic jet formation
• Local absorption of high-energy emission from gamma-ray bursts
• The Carnegie Supernova Project-I. Optical spectroscopy of stripped-envelope supernovae
• Fireball and cannonball models of gamma ray bursts confront observations
• Compact Object Formation and the Supernova Explosion Engine
• Dust during the Reionization
• Hydrodynamics and Nucleosynthesis of Jet-Driven Supernovae II: Comparisons with Abundances of Extremely Metal-Poor Galaxies and Constraints on Supernova Progenitors
• Star Formation in Extreme Environments: A 200 pc High Velocity Gas Stream in the Galactic Centre
• A machine learning approach for GRB detection in AstroSat CZTI data
• MAXI/SSC All-sky maps from 0.7 keV to 4 keV
• Long gamma-ray bursts without visible supernovae: a case study of redshift estimators and alleged novel objects
• Does the structure of Pop III supernova ejecta affect the elemental abundance of extremely metal-poor stars?
• Late-Time HST Photometry of SN 1994I: Hints of Positron Annihilation Energy Deposition
• Physical conditions and element abundances in SN and GRB host galaxies at different redshifts
• Anomalous X-Ray emission in GRB060904B: a Nickel line?
• Revisiting GRB 060218: new insights into low-luminosity gamma-ray bursts from a revised shock breakout model
• Explosive Nucleosynthesis: Prospects
• Shock Breakout from Stellar Envelopes: The relativistic limit
• Diagnosing The Ejecta Properties of Engine-Driven Supernovae from Observables in Their Initial Phase
• Can massive Be/Oe stars be progenitors of long gamma ray bursts?
• Prospects for Time-Domain and Multi-Messenger Science with eXTP
• Dynamics and observational signatures of core-collapse supernovae with central engines: hydrodynamics simulations with Monte Carlo post-processing
• Prospects of measuring Gamma-ray Burst Polarisation with the Daksha mission
• Exploring GRBs and supernovae connection: does a superluminous hypernova population exist?
• Induction of supernova-like explosions by gamma-ray bursts in close binary systems
• Solving the missing GRB neutrino and GRB-SN puzzles
• Core-collapse Supernovae and Gamma-ray Bursts in TMT Era
• A Unified Model of High-Energy Astrophysical phenomena
• Modeling the Light Curves of the Luminous Type Ic Supernova 2007D
• Modeling the Multi-band Light Curves of the Afterglows of Three Gamma-Ray Bursts and Their Associated Supernovae
• Chemical Yields from Supernovae and Hypernovae
• The supernovae associated with gamma-ray bursts
• Stellar evolution, SN explosion, and nucleosynthesis
• Liverpool Telescope 2: a new robotic facility for time domain astronomy in 2020+
• Nuclear Composition of Magnetized GRB Jets
• Impacts of Black-Hole-Forming Supernova Explosions on the Diffuse Neutrino Background
• A theoretical color-velocity correlation for supernovae associated with gamma-ray bursts
• Radio Observations of GRB Afterglows
• On the Theory of Gamma Ray Bursts and Hypernovae: The Black Hole Soft X-ray Transient Sources
• Comparing the birth rate of stellar black holes in binary black hole mergers and long GRBs
• Modeling the emission lines from r-process elements in Supernova nebulae
• GRB011211: An alternative interpretation of the optical and X-ray spectra in terms of blueshifts
• Proto-magnetar jets as central engines for broad-lined type Ic supernovae
• Wakefield Acceleration in a Jet from a Neutrino Driven Accretion Flow around a Black Hole
• The chemical evolution of the solar neighbourhood
• GRB 180728A and SN 2018fip: the nearest high-energy cosmological gamma-ray burst with an associated supernova
• Peak energy--Isotropic Luminosity Correlation and Jet Opening Angle Evolution in Swift-BAT Short GRBs with Soft Tail Emission
• Optical and near-IR observations of SN 1998bw
• A Search for Low-frequency Radio Pulses from Long Gamma-ray Bursts with the Murchison Widefield Array
• Cosmological Constraints on the Host Halos of GRBs
• Radio Emission from Supernovae
• Mergers of binary neutron star systems: a multi-messenger revolution
• Study of a Population of Gamma-ray Bursts with Low-Luminosity Afterglows
• Multimessenger Constraints on the Central Engine in SN 2023ixf: Neutron Star or Black Hole?
• Revisiting the Perseus Cluster III: Role of Aspherical Explosions on its Chemical Composition and Extension to Metal-Poor Stars and Galaxies
• The Connection between Gamma-Ray Bursts and Extremely Metal-Poor Stars as Nucleosynthetic Probes of the Early Universe
• Ultraviolet Spectroscopy and TARDIS Models of the Broad-lined Type-Ic Supernova 2014ad
• Effects of Relativistic Expansion on the Late-time Supernova Light Curves
• Optical Bumps in Cosmological GRBs as Supernovae
• Observational signatures of stellar explosions driven by relativistic jets
• Generalized Linear Models of T${}_{90}$-T${}_{50}$ relation to classify GRBs
• First Stars -- Type Ib Supernovae Connection