A HaloSat Analysis of the Cygnus Superbubble

Abstract

The Cygnus Superbubble (CSB) is a region of soft X-ray emission approximately 13 degrees wide in the direction of the local spiral arm. Such a large region might be the result of strong stellar winds and supernovae from nearby stellar nurseries, or it could be the result of a single event - a hypernova. HaloSat observed 4 non-overlapping 10 degree diameter fields in the CSB region over the 0.4-7 keV band. The CSB absorption and temperature was found to be consistent over all 4 fields, with a weighted average of 6.1x10^21 cm^-2 and 0.190 keV, respectively. These observations suggest that the CSB is a cohesive object with a singular origin. The total thermal energy for the CSB is estimated at 4x10^52 erg, based upon a shell-like physical model of the CSB. Absorption and distance estimates to Cyg OB associations are examined. The CSB absorption is found to be most consistent with the absorption seen in Cyg OB1, implying that the CSB lies at a similar distance of 1.1-1.4 kpc.

arXiv comment14 pages. 6 figures

References in corpus (29)

• Array Programming with NumPy
• Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties
• The Gaia mission
• On the Absorption of X-rays in the Interstellar Medium
• The Milky Way in Molecular Clouds: A New Complete CO Survey
• Collisional Plasma Models with APEC/APED: Emission Line Diagnostics of Hydrogen-like and Helium-like Ions
• Are Gamma-Ray Bursts in Star Forming Regions?
• The MAXI Mission on the ISS: Science and Instruments for Monitoring All Sky X-Ray Images
• Planck 2013 results. XI. All-sky model of thermal dust emission
• A `Hypernova' model for SN 1998bw associated with gamma-ray burst of 25 April 1998
• Astrophysical parameters of Galactic open clusters
• Evidence for a systematic offset of -80 micro-arcseconds in the Gaia DR2 parallaxes
• A Study of Cyg OB2: Pointing the Way Towards Finding Our Galaxy's Super Star Clusters
• RXTE Measurement of the Diffuse X-ray Emission From the Galactic Ridge: Implications for the Energetics of the Interstellar Medium
• The gas-to-extinction ratio and the gas distribution in the Galaxy
• The Chandra COSMOS legacy survey: Energy Spectrum of the Cosmic X-ray Background and constraints on undetected populations
• The Structure of the Local Hot Bubble
• A very massive runaway star from Cygnus OB2
• Determining the Distance of Cyg X-3 with its X-ray Dust Scattering Halo
• A disk-dominated and clumpy circumgalactic medium of the Milky Way seen in X-ray emission
• Spectral variability in Cygnus X-3
• HaloSat -- A CubeSat to Study the Hot Galactic Halo
• Disentangling the spatial substructure of Cygnus OB2 from Gaia DR2
• Predicting Gaia's Parallax Distance to the Cygnus OB2 Association with Eclipsing Binaries
• A Gaia view of the two OB associations Cygnus OB2 and Carina OB1: The signature of their formation process
• Photoionization Emission Models for the Cyg X-3 X-ray Spectrum
• Is the Cygnus Superbubble a Hypernova Remnant?
• The Enigma of the Open Cluster M29 (NGC 6913) Solved
• Chandra observations of the massive star-forming region S106: X-ray emission from the embedded massive protostellar object IRS 4

Cited by in corpus (4)

• Multiple emission components in the Cygnus cocoon detected from Fermi-LAT observations
• Multi-messenger Implications of Sub-PeV Diffuse Galactic Gamma-Ray Emission
• Deciphering the gamma-ray emission in the Cygnus region
• The HaloSat and PolarLight CubeSat Missions for X-ray Astrophysics