An exceptionally bright flare from SGR1806-20 and the origins of short-duration gamma-ray bursts

Abstract

Soft-gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs) are galactic X-ray stars that emit numerous short-duration (about 0.1 s) bursts of hard X-rays during sporadic active periods. They are thought to be magnetars: strongly magnetized neutron stars with emissions powered by the dissipation of magnetic energy. Here we report the detection of a long (380 s) giant flare from SGR 1806-20, which was much more luminous than any previous transient event observed in our Galaxy. (In the first 0.2 s, the flare released as much energy as the Sun radiates in a quarter of a million years.) Its power can be explained by a catastrophic instability involving global crust failure and magnetic reconnection on a magnetar, with possible large-scale untwisting of magnetic field lines outside the star. From a great distance this event would appear to be a short-duration, hard-spectrum cosmic gamma-ray burst. At least a significant fraction of the mysterious short-duration gamma-ray bursts therefore may come from extragalactic magnetars.

21 pages, 5 figures. Published in Nature

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• Probing millisecond magnetar formation in binary neutron star mergers through X-ray follow-up of gravitational wave alerts
• Detection of a Millisecond Periodicity in BATSE Short Gamma-Ray Bursts
• 4XMM J175136.8-275858: A New Magnetar Candidate?
• Simultaneous view of the FRB~180301 with FAST and NICER during a bursting phase
• The Fast Radio Burst-emitting magnetar SGR 1935+2154 -- proper motion and variability from long-term Hubble Space Telescope monitoring
• Magnetar giant flare origin for GRB 200415A inferred from a new scaling relation and its implications
• Spin ordered phase transitions in neutron matter under the presence of a strong magnetic field
• A Criterion for Magnetars Producing Giant Flares
• Soft gamma repeaters activity in time
• On the possibility of registering X-ray flares related to fast radio bursts with the SRG/eROSITA telescope
• INTEGRAL limits on past high-energy activity from FRB 20200120E in M81
• Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Giant Magnetar Bursts
• Searching for small-scale diffuse emission around SGR 1806-20
• From Rare Events to a Population: Discovering Overlooked Extragalactic Magnetar Giant Flare Candidates in Archival Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor Data
• Magnetar Signature - The U Curve
• About the observational check of the mechanism of gamma radiation in Soft Gamma Repeaters (SGR)
• Hyperstars - Main Origin of Short Gamma Ray Bursts?
• An Extraordinary Outburst of the Magnetar Swift J1822.3-1606