Dynamical Accretion Flows -- ALMAGAL: Flows along filamentary structures in high-mass star-forming clusters

Abstract

We use data from the ALMA Evolutionary Study of High Mass Protocluster Formation in the Galaxy (ALMAGAL) survey to study 100 ALMAGAL regions at $\sim$ 1 arsecond resolution located between $\sim$ 2 and 6 kpc distance. Using ALMAGAL $\sim$ 1.3mm line and continuum data we estimate flow rates onto individual cores. We focus specifically on flow rates along filamentary structures associated with these cores. Our primary analysis is centered around position velocity cuts in H${}_2$CO (3${}_{0,3}$ - 2${}_{0,2}$) which allow us to measure the velocity fields, surrounding these cores. Combining this work with column density estimates we derive the flow rates along the extended filamentary structures associated with cores in these regions. We select a sample of 100 ALMAGAL regions covering four evolutionary stages from quiescent to protostellar, Young Stellar Objects (YSOs), and HII regions (25 each). Using dendrogram and line analysis, we identify a final sample of 182 cores in 87 regions. In this paper, we present 728 flow rates for our sample (4 per core), analysed in the context of evolutionary stage, distance from the core, and core mass. On average, for the whole sample, we derive flow rates on the order of $\sim$10${}^{-4}$ M${}_{sun}$yr${}^{-1}$ with estimated uncertainties of $\pm$50%. We see increasing differences in the values among evolutionary stages, most notably between the less evolved (quiescent/protostellar) and more evolved (YSO/HII region) sources. We also see an increasing trend as we move further away from the centre of these cores. We also find a clear relationship between the flow rates and core masses $\sim$M${}^{2/3}$ which is in line with the result expected from the tidal-lobe accretion mechanism. Overall, we see increasing trends in the relationships between the flow rate and the three investigated parameters; evolutionary stage, distance from the core, and core mass.

11 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in A&A

References in corpus (58)

• Array Programming with NumPy
• Astropy: A Community Python Package for Astronomy
• The Astropy Project: Sustaining and Growing a Community-oriented Open-source Project and the Latest Major Release (v5.0) of the Core Package
• Binary companions of evolved stars in APOGEE DR14: Search method and catalog of ~5,000 companions
• Embedded Clusters in Molecular Clouds
• A computer program for fast non-LTE analysis of interstellar line spectra
• From filamentary clouds to prestellar cores to the stellar IMF: Initial highlights from the Herschel Gould Belt survey
• Toward Understanding Massive Star Formation
• The Formation of Massive Stars from Turbulent Cores
• Clouds, filaments and protostars: the Herschel Hi-GAL Milky Way
• ATLASGAL - The APEX Telescope Large Area Survey of the Galaxy at 870 microns
• Scattering by Interstellar Dust Grains: Optical and Ultraviolet
• Hi-GAL: the Herschel infrared Galactic Plane Survey
• On the Formation of Massive Stars
• High-Mass Star and Massive Cluster Formation in the Milky Way
• The Critical Density and the Effective Excitation Density of Commonly Observed Molecular Dense Gas Tracers
• Filamentary structure of star-forming complexes
• Large-Scale Structure of the Molecular Gas in Taurus Revealed by High Linear Dynamic Range Spectral Line Mapping
• The hierarchical formation of a stellar cluster
• Global collapse of molecular clouds as a formation mechanism for the most massive stars
• Dynamic star formation in the massive DR21 filament
• ATLASGAL --- properties of a complete sample of Galactic clumps
• The Spatial Distribution of Star Formation in the Solar Neighbourhood: Do all stars form in clusters?
• Filamentary Accretion Flows in the Embedded Serpens South Protocluster
• The Red MSX Source Survey: the Massive Young Stellar Population of our Galaxy
• Accretion in stellar clusters and the IMF
• The "Nessie" Nebula: Cluster Formation in a Filamentary Infrared Dark Cloud
• Properties of Hi-GAL clumps in the inner Galaxy]{The Hi-GAL compact source catalogue. I. The physical properties of the clumps in the inner Galaxy ($-71.0^{\circ }<\ell <67.0^{\circ }$)
• The Simultaneous Formation of Massive Stars and Stellar Clusters
• Fragmentation of Molecular Clumps and Formation of Protocluster
• Filaments in Simulations of Molecular Cloud Formation
• Accretion disks in luminous young stellar objects
• The Origin of Massive Stars: The Inertial-Inflow Model
• A Galactic-scale gas wave in the Solar Neighborhood
• The dynamical properties of dense filaments in the infrared dark cloud G035.39-00.33
• Chemical evolution in the early phases of massive star formation. I
• CO outflows from high-mass Class 0 protostars in Cygnus-X
• First hydrodynamics simulations of radiation forces and photoionization feedback in massive star formation
• The Hi-GAL compact source catalogue -- II. The 360° catalogue of clump physical properties
• Gravity Driven Magnetic Field at ~1000 au Scales in High-mass Star Formation
• The Hi-GAL catalogue of dusty filamentary structures in the Galactic Plane
• Dust and gas emission in the prototypical hot core G29.96-0.02 at sub-arcsecond resolution
• Rapid Star Formation and Global Gravitational Collapse
• Calibration of evolutionary diagnostics in high-mass star formation
• ALMA observations of fragmentation, sub-structure, and protostars in high-mass starless clump candidates
• Kinematic structure of massive star-forming regions - I. Accretion along filaments
• Modeling accretion shocks at the disk-envelope interface -- Sulfur chemistry
• Massive 70 micron quiet clumps I: evidence of embedded low/intermediate-mass star formation activity
• High-spatial-resolution observations of NH3 and CH3OH towards the massive twin cores NGC6334 I & I(N)
• The core population and kinematics of a massive clump at early stages: an ALMA view
• The SQUALO project (Star formation in QUiescent And Luminous Objects) I: clump-fed accretion mechanism in high-mass star-forming objects
• Dynamical cloud formation traced by atomic and molecular gas
• Evolution of young protoclusters embedded in dense massive clumps. A new grid of population synthesis SED models and a new set of L/M evolutionary tracks
• On the emergent System Mass Function: the contest between accretion and fragmentation
• Fragmentation, rotation and outflows in the high-mass star-forming region IRAS 23033+5951. A case study of the IRAM NOEMA large program CORE
• Clustered star formation at early evolutionary stages. Physical and chemical analysis of the young star-forming regions ISOSS J22478+6357 and ISOSS J23053+5953
• SiO: Not the perfect outflow tracer: Outflow studies of the massive star formation region IRAS 19410+2336
• A graph theory-based multi-scale analysis of hierarchical cascade in molecular clouds : Application to the NGC 2264 region

Cited by in corpus (8)

• ALMAGAL IV. Morphological comparison of molecular and thermal dust emission using the histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) method
• Emergence of high-mass stars in complex fiber networks (EMERGE) V. From filaments to spheroids: the origin of the hub-filament systems
• Filamentary Hierarchies and Superbubbles I: Characterizing filament properties across a simulated spiral galaxy
• From theory to observation: understanding filamentary flows in high-mass star-forming clusters
• Episodic accretion in high-mass star formation: An analysis of thermal instability for axially symmetric disks
• Revealing the Connection Between the Filamentary Hierarchy and Star Cluster Formation in a Simulated NGC 628 Galaxy
• High-resolution radio observations of massive protostars in the SARAO MeerKAT Galactic Plane Survey
• Properties of Contracting Massive Protostellar Cores