Evolution of young protoclusters embedded in dense massive clumps. A new grid of population synthesis SED models and a new set of L/M evolutionary tracks

S. Molinari; A. Baldeschi; T. P. Robitaille; E. F. E. Morales; E. Schisano; A. Traficante; M. Merello; M. Molinaro; F. Vitello; E. Sciacca; S. J. Liu

doi:10.1093/mnras/stz900

paper

Evolution of young protoclusters embedded in dense massive clumps. A new grid of population synthesis SED models and a new set of L/M evolutionary tracks

arXiv:1904.08140 · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz900

Abstract

A grid of 20 millions 3-1100 $μ$ m SED models is presented for synthetic young clusters embedded in dense clumps. The models depend on four primary parameters: the clump mass M $_{c l u m p}$ and dust temperature T $_{d u s t}$ , the fraction of mass f $_{cor e}$ locked in dense cores, and the age of the clump t $_{S F}$ . We populate the YSO clusters using the IMF from Kroupa(2001) and the YSOs SED models grid of Robitaille et al. (2006). We conduct extensive testing of SED fitting using a simulated dataset and we find that M $_{c l u m p}$ essentially depends on the submillimeter portion of the SED, while T $_{d u s t}$ is mostly determined from the shape of the SED in the 70-350 $μ$ m range. Thanks to the large number of models computed we verify that the combined analysis of L/M, [8-24] and [24-70] colours removes much of the SEDs f $_{cor e}$ -t $_{S F}$ degeneracy. The L/M values are particularly useful to diagnose f $_{cor e}$ . L/M $\leq$ 1 identifies protoclusters with f $_{cor e} \leq$ 0.1 and t $_{S F} \leq 1 0^{5}$ years, while L/M $\geq$ 10 excludes f $_{cor e} \leq$ 0.1. We characterize lower limits of L/M where ZAMS stars are not found in models, and we also find models with L/M $\geq$ 10 and no ZAMS stars, in which [8-24] $\geq 0.8 \pm 0.1$ independently from M $_{c l u m p}$ , temperature and luminosity. This is the first set of synthesis SED models suited to model for embedded and unresolved clusters of YSOs. A set of new evolutionary tracks in the L/M diagram is also presented.

arXiv commentMNRAS, Accepted

Evolution of young protoclusters embedded in dense massive clumps. A new grid of population synthesis SED models and a new set of L/M evolutionary tracks

Abstract

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