Beyond the bulge-halo conspiracy? Density profiles of Early-type galaxies from extended-source strong lensing

Abstract

Observations suggest that the dark matter and stars in early-type galaxies `conspire' to produce a surprisingly simple distribution of total mass, $\rho (r)\propto {\rho }^{-\gamma }$, with $\gamma \approx 2$. We measure the distribution of mass in 48 early-type galaxies that gravitationally lens a resolved background source. By fitting the source light in every pixel of images from the Hubble Space Telescope, we find a mean $⟨\gamma ⟩=2.075_{-0.024}^{+0.023}$ with intrinsic scatter between galaxies of ${\sigma }_{\gamma }=0.172_{-0.032}^{+0.022}$ for the overall sample. This is consistent with, and has similar precision to traditional techniques that employ spectroscopic observations to supplement lensing with mass estimates from stellar dynamics. Comparing measurements of $\gamma$ for individual lenses using both techniques, we find a statistically insignificant correlation of $-0.150_{-0.217}^{+0.223}$ between the two, indicating a lack of statistical power or deviations from a power-law density in certain lenses. At fixed surface mass density, we measure a redshift dependence, $\partial ⟨\gamma ⟩/\partial z=0.345_{-0.296}^{+0.322}$, that is consistent with traditional techniques for the same sample of SLACS and GALLERY lenses. Interestingly, the consistency breaks down when we measure the dependence of $\gamma$ on the surface mass density of a lens galaxy. We argue that this is tentative evidence for an inflection point in the total-mass density profile at a few times the galaxy effective radius -- breaking the conspiracy.

arXiv comment14 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables, submitted to MNRAS

References in corpus (81)

• SciPy 1.0--Fundamental Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python
• Astropy: A Community Python Package for Astronomy
• emcee: The MCMC Hammer
• The NumPy array: a structure for efficient numerical computation
• Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters
• The Astropy Project: Building an inclusive, open-science project and status of the v2.0 core package
• scikit-image: Image processing in Python
• dynesty: A Dynamic Nested Sampling Package for Estimating Bayesian Posteriors and Evidences
• A Recipe for Galaxy Formation Shaun Cole
• The Growth of Massive Galaxies Since z=2
• The Two Phases of Galaxy Formation
• The Atlas3D project - XV. Benchmark for early-type galaxies scaling relations from 260 dynamical models: mass-to-light ratio, dark matter, Fundamental Plane and Mass Plane
• The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. X. Stellar, Dynamical, and Total Mass Correlations of Massive Early-type Galaxies
• The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. III - The Structure and Formation of Early-type Galaxies and their Evolution since z~1
• The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. I. A Large Spectroscopically Selected Sample of Massive Early-Type Lens Galaxies
• The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. IV: the mass density profile of early-type galaxies out to 100 effective radii
• Strong Lensing by Galaxies
• Massive Dark-matter halos and Evolution of Early-type Galaxies to z=1
• The Structure & Dynamics of Massive Early-type Galaxies: On Homology, Isothermality and Isotropy inside one Effective Radius
• H0LiCOW I. $H_0$ Lenses in COSMOGRAIL's Wellspring: Program Overview
• The population of galaxy-galaxy strong lenses in forthcoming optical imaging surveys
• AGN-driven quenching of star formation: morphological and dynamical implications for early-type galaxies
• The internal structure and formation of early-type galaxies: the gravitational--lens system MG2016+112 at z=1.004
• The Sloan-Lens ACS Survey II: stellar populations and internal structure of early-type lens galaxies
• A Bayesian analysis of regularised source inversions in gravitational lensing
• Mass-sheet degeneracy, power-law models and external convergence: Impact on the determination of the Hubble constant from gravitational lensing
• A Chandra View of Dark Matter in Early-Type Galaxies
• Semi-linear gravitational lens inversion
• Dark Matter Contraction and the Stellar Content of Massive Early-type Galaxies: Disfavoring "Light" Initial Mass Functions
• The SL2S Galaxy-scale Lens Sample. IV. The dependence of the total mass density profile of early-type galaxies on redshift, stellar mass, and size
• The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. VII. Elliptical Galaxy Scaling Laws from Direct Observational Mass Measurements
• The BOSS Emission-Line Lens Survey (BELLS). I. A large spectroscopically selected sample of Lens Galaxies at redshift ~ 0.5
• Impact of baryon physics on dark matter structures: a detailed simulation study of halo density profiles
• The impact of galaxy formation on the total mass, mass profile and abundance of haloes
• Evidence for dark matter contraction and a Salpeter IMF in a massive early-type galaxy
• Forming Early-Type Galaxies in LambdaCDM Simulations -I. Assembly histories
• Gravitational lens modeling with basis sets
• The luminosity and stellar mass Fundamental Plane of early-type galaxies
• The BOSS Emission-Line Lens Survey. II. Investigating Mass-Density Profile Evolution in the SLACS+BELLS Strong Gravitational Lens Sample
• The SL2S Galaxy-scale Lens Sample. II. Cosmic evolution of dark and luminous mass in early-type galaxies
• Dark matter halos of massive elliptical galaxies at $z\sim 0.2$ are well described by the Navarro-Frenk-White profile
• The SL2S Galaxy-scale Lens Sample. III. Lens Models, Surface Photometry and Stellar Masses for the final sample
• RingFinder: automated detection of galaxy-scale gravitational lenses in ground-based multi-filter imaging data
• The Co-Evolution of Total Density Profiles and Central Dark Matter Fractions in Simulated Early-Type Galaxies
• Two-dimensional kinematics of SLACS lenses: II. Combined lensing and dynamics analysis of early-type galaxies at z = 0.08 - 0.33
• Statistics of mass substructure from strong gravitational lensing: quantifying the mass fraction and mass function
• Decomposition of the visible and dark matter in the Einstein ring 0047-2808 by semi-linear inversion
• The bulge-halo conspiracy in massive elliptical galaxies: implications for the stellar initial mass function and halo response to baryonic processes
• The BOSS Emission-Line Lens Survey. IV. : Smooth Lens Models for the BELLS GALLERY Sample
• The Baryon Fractions and Mass-to-Light Ratios of Early-Type Galaxies
• Adaptive Semi-linear Inversion of Strong Gravitational Lens Imaging
• PyAutoLens: Open-Source Strong Gravitational Lensing
• The slope of the mass profile and the tilt of the fundamental plane in early-type galaxies
• The SL2S Galaxy-scale Gravitational Lens Sample. I. The alignment of mass and light in massive early-type galaxies at z=0.2-0.9
• The inner structure of early-type galaxies in the Illustris simulation
• Improving time-delay cosmography with spatially resolved kinematics
• The BOSS Emission-Line Lens Survey. III. : Strong Lensing of Ly$\alpha$ Emitters by Individual Galaxies
• Are disk galaxies the progenitors of giant ellipticals?
• Systematic trends in total-mass profiles from dynamical models of early-type galaxies
• Systematic variations of central mass density slopes in early-type galaxies
• Automated galaxy-galaxy strong lens modelling: no lens left behind
• Galaxy structure with strong gravitational lensing: decomposing the internal mass distribution of massive elliptical galaxies
• Strong-lensing Measurement of the Mass-density Profile out to 3 Effective Radii for $z\sim 0.5$ Early-type Galaxies
• Early-type galaxy density profiles from IllustrisTNG: I. Galaxy correlations and the impact of baryons
• Revisiting the bulge-halo conspiracy I: Dependence on galaxy properties and halo mass
• Over-constrained Models of Time Delay Lenses Redux: How the Angular Tail Wags the Radial Dog
• Linear relation between HI circular velocity and stellar velocity dispersion in early-type galaxies, and slope of the density profiles
• SDSS--IV MaNGA : The Inner Density Slopes of nearby galaxies
• Total density profile of massive early-type galaxies in Horizon-AGN simulation: impact of AGN feedback and comparison with observations
• PyAutoFit: A Classy Probabilistic Programming Language for Model Composition and Fitting
• Statistical strong lensing. I. Constraints on the inner structure of galaxies from samples of a thousand lenses
• Early-type galaxy density profiles from IllustrisTNG: II. Evolutionary trend of the total density profile
• SEAGLE - I: A pipeline for simulating and modeling strong lenses from cosmological hydrodynamic simulations
• Lensed: a code for the forward reconstruction of lenses and sources from strong lensing observations
• SLITronomy: towards a fully wavelet-based strong lensing inversion technique
• Sparse Lens Inversion Technique (SLIT): lens and source separability from linear inversion of the source reconstruction problem
• Statistical strong lensing. III. Inferences with complete samples of lenses
• Statistical strong lensing. II. Cosmology and galaxy structure with time-delay lenses
• SEAGLE--II: Constraints on feedback models in galaxy formation from massive early type strong lens galaxies
• Revisiting the bulge-halo conspiracy II: Towards explaining its puzzling dependence on redshift
• LESSER: A Catalogue of Spectroscopically selected sample of Lyman-$\alpha$ Emitters Lensed By Galaxies

Cited by in corpus (20)

• Project Dinos I: A joint lensing-dynamics constraint on the deviation from the power law in the mass profile of massive ellipticals
• Strong Lensing by Galaxies
• The COSMOS-Web ring: in-depth characterization of an Einstein ring lensing system at z~2
• On the detectability of strong lensing in near-infrared surveys
• Signatures of dark and baryonic structures on weakly lensed gravitational waves
• The COSMOS-Web Lens Survey (COWLS) I: Discovery of >100 high redshift strong lenses in contiguous JWST imaging
• A model for galaxy-galaxy strong lensing statistics in surveys
• AGEL: Is the Conflict Real? Investigating Galaxy Evolution Models using Strong Lensing at 0.3 < z < 0.9
• MaNGA DynPop -- VI. Matter density slopes from dynamical models of 6000 galaxies versus cosmological simulations: the interplay between baryonic and dark matter
• El Gordo needs El Anzuelo: Probing the structure of cluster members with multi-band extended arcs in JWST data
• SHARP -- IX. The dense, low-mass perturbers in B1938+666 and J0946+1006: implications for cold and self-interacting dark matter
• Constraining Cosmology with Double-source-plane Strong Gravitational Lenses from the AGEL Survey
• TDCOSMO. XXIII. Measurement of the Hubble constant from the doubly lensed quasar HE1104-1805
• The SLACS strong lens sample, debiased. II. Lensing-only constraints on the stellar IMF and dark matter contraction in early-type galaxies
• The COSMOS-Web Lens Survey (COWLS) II: depth, resolution, and NIR coverage from JWST reveal 17 spectacular lenses
• The Impact of $\text{CLEAN}$ing on Strong Gravitational Lens Modelling
• Investigating the Redshift Evolution of Lensing Galaxy Density Slopes via Model-Independent Distance Ratios
• Optical+NIR analysis of a Newly Confirmed Einstein ring at z$\sim$1 from the Kilo-Degree Survey: Dark matter fraction, total and dark matter density slope and IMF
• Systematics in ETG Mass Profile Modelling: Strong Lensing & Stellar Dynamics
• A Salpeter IMF and an NFW halo: Disentangling the dark and stellar mass of an elliptical galaxy through precise lens modelling of a double-source-plane system