MOVES IV. Modelling the influence of stellar XUV-flux, cosmic rays, and stellar energetic particles on the atmospheric composition of the hot Jupiter HD 189733b

Abstract

Hot Jupiters provide valuable natural laboratories for studying potential contributions of high-energy radiation to prebiotic synthesis in the atmospheres of exoplanets. In this fourth paper of the MOVES (Multiwavelength Observations of an eVaporating Exoplanet and its Star) programme, we study the effect of different types of high-energy radiation on the production of organic and prebiotic molecules in the atmosphere of the hot Jupiter HD 189733b. Our model combines X-ray and UV observations from the MOVES programme and 3D climate simulations from the 3D Met Office Unified Model to simulate the atmospheric composition and kinetic chemistry with the STAND2019 network. Also, the effects of galactic cosmic rays and stellar energetic particles are included. We find that the differences in the radiation field between the irradiated dayside and the shadowed nightside lead to stronger changes in the chemical abundances than the variability of the host star's XUV emission. We identify ammonium (NH4+) and oxonium (H3O+) as fingerprint ions for the ionization of the atmosphere by both galactic cosmic rays and stellar particles. All considered types of high-energy radiation have an enhancing effect on the abundance of key organic molecules such as hydrogen cyanide (HCN), formaldehyde (CH2O), and ethylene (C2H4). The latter two are intermediates in the production pathway of the amino acid glycine (C2H5NO2) and abundant enough to be potentially detectable by JWST.

15 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables

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• Mineral Snowflakes on Exoplanets and Brown Dwarfs: Coagulation and Fragmentation of Cloud Particles with {\sc HyLandS}
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• Revisiting Empirical Solar Energetic Particle Scaling Relations I. Solar flares
• The energetic particle environment of a GJ 436 b-like planet
• Photodissociation and induced chemical asymmetries on ultra-hot gas giants. A case study of HCN on WASP-76 b
• Charting nearby stellar systems: The intensity of Galactic cosmic rays for a sample of solar-type stars
• Star-Planet Interactions: A Computational View
• The strong suppression of Galactic cosmic rays reaching AU Mic b, c and Prox Cen b
• A Study of the Magnetic Activity and Variability of GJ 436
• Galactic cosmic ray propagation through M dwarf planetary systems
• Under the magnifying glass: A combined 3D model applied to cloudy warm Saturn type exoplanets around M-dwarfs
• Kinetic and photochemical disequilibrium in the potentially carbon-rich atmosphere of the warm-Jupiter WASP-69b
• Cosmic ray ionisation of a post-impact early Earth atmosphere: Solar cosmic ray ionisation must be considered in origin-of-life scenarios