Critical Science Plan for the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST)

Abstract

The Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST) will revolutionize our ability to measure, understand and model the basic physical processes that control the structure and dynamics of the Sun and its atmosphere. The first-light DKIST images, released publicly on 29 January 2020, only hint at the extraordinary capabilities which will accompany full commissioning of the five facility instruments. With this Critical Science Plan (CSP) we attempt to anticipate some of what those capabilities will enable, providing a snapshot of some of the scientific pursuits that the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope hopes to engage as start-of-operations nears. The work builds on the combined contributions of the DKIST Science Working Group (SWG) and CSP Community members, who generously shared their experiences, plans, knowledge and dreams. Discussion is primarily focused on those issues to which DKIST will uniquely contribute.

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• Subsurface magnetic field and flow structure of simulated sunspots
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• Three-dimensional simulations of solar magneto-convection including effects of partial ionization
• Why Is Non-thermal Line Broadening of Spectral Lines in The Lower Transition Region of the Sun Independent of Spatial Resolution?
• The solar chromosphere at high resolution with IBIS. II. Acoustic shocks in the quiet internetwork and the role of magnetic fields
• Why one-dimensional models fail in the diagnosis of average spectra from inhomogeneous stellar atmospheres
• Mapping the magnetic field of flare coronal loops
• Flare Ribbons Observed with G-band and FeI 6302A Filters of the Solar Optical Telescope on Board Hinode
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• Revision of Solar Spicule Classification
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• The Role of Type II Spicules in the Upper Solar Atmosphere
• Hydrogen Balmer Continuum in Solar Flares Detected by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS)
• Identifying typical Mg II flare spectra using machine learning
• Photospheric observations of surface and body modes in solar magnetic pores
• Investigating the Magnetic Imprints of Major Solar Eruptions with SDO/HMI High-Cadence Vector Magnetograms
• Hydrogen Balmer Line Broadening in Solar and Stellar Flares
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• Alfvénic Wave Heating of the Upper Chromosphere in Flares
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• Investigating the response of loop plasma to nanoflare heating using RADYN simulations
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• On the occurrence of thermal non-equilibrium in coronal loops
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• A solar tornado triggered by flares?
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• The Spatial and Temporal Dependence of Coronal Heating by Alfven Wave Turbulence
• Reconnection brightenings in the quiet solar photosphere
• First Detection of Chromospheric Magnetic Field Changes During an X1-Flare
• Fan-shaped jets above the light bridge of a sunspot driven by reconnection
• Relating streamer flows to density and magnetic structures at the Parker Solar Probe
• He I Vector Magnetometry of Field Aligned Superpenumbral Fibrils
• On the origin of solar oscillations
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• Solar cycle 24: an unusual polar field reversal
• Observations of Solar Coronal Rain in Null Point Topologies
• The Solar Helium Abundance in the Outer Corona Determined from Observations with SUMER/SOHO
• Short dynamic fibrils in sunspot chromospheres
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• Seismic sensitivity to sub-surface solar activity from 18 years of GOLF/SoHO observations
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• Structure and Evolution of Magnetic Fields Associated with Solar Eruptions (Invited Review)
• The formation of sunspot penumbra. I. Magnetic field properties
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• Solar-wind predictions for the Parker Solar Probe orbit
• Plasmoid-mediated reconnection in solar UV bursts
• Unresolved fine-scale structure in solar coronal loop-tops
• Observations and numerical models of solar coronal heating associated with spicules
• Photospheric Electric Fields and Energy Fluxes in the Eruptive Active Region NOAA 11158
• The Solar Corona as probed by Comet Lovejoy (C/2011 W3)
• Fine structure of flare ribbons and evolution of electric currents
• The Dynamics of Radiative Shock Waves: Linear and Nonlinear Evolution
• Flare Ribbon Energetics in the Early Phase of an SDO Flare
• Inference of the chromospheric magnetic field orientation in the Ca II 8542 A line fibrils
• Spectro-polarimetric observations and non-LTE Modeling of Ellerman bombs
• Plasmoids in Reconnecting Current Sheets: Solar and Terrestrial Contexts Compared
• Observations Supporting the Role of Magnetoconvection in Energy Supply to the Quiescent Solar Atmosphere
• Small-scale chromospheric jets above a sunspot light bridge
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• Evidence of Shock-Driven Turbulence in the Solar Chromosphere
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• The Solar Internetwork. II. Magnetic Flux Appearance and Disappearance Rates
• Evidence for a Transition Region response to penumbral microjets in sunspots
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• Forced field extrapolation of the magnetic structure of the Halpha fibrils in solar chromosphere
• Helium Variation Across Two Solar Cycles Reveals A Speed-Dependent Phase Lag
• Numerical simulations of quiet Sun magnetic fields seeded by Biermann battery
• A simple model of chromospheric evaporation and condensation driven conductively in a solar flare
• A unified view of coronal loop contraction and oscillation in flares
• Small-scale dynamo simulations: Magnetic field amplification in exploding granules and the role of deep and shallow recirculation
• First Empirical Determination of the Fe 10+ and Fe 13+ Freeze-in Distances in the Solar Corona
• SOHO Comets: 20-Years and 3,000 Objects Later
• A Hydrodynamic Model of Alfvénic Wave Heating in a Coronal Loop and its Chromospheric Footpoints
• A Microfilament-Eruption Mechanism for Solar Spicules
• Observations of the Formation, Development, and Structure of a Current Sheet in an Eruptive Solar Flare
• On chromospheric heating during flux emergence in the solar atmosphere
• A Tale of Two Emergences: Sunrise II Observations of Emergence Sites in a Solar Active Region
• Simulating coronal condensation dynamics in 3D
• The brightness of magnetic field concentrations in the quiet Sun
• Direct Imaging of Fine Structure in the Chromosphere of a Sunspot Umbra
• The 3D structure of an active region filament as extrapolated from photospheric and chromospheric observations
• Magnetic field in atypical prominence structures: Bubble, tornado and eruption
• On the effects of ion-neutral interactions in solar plasmas
• Two-fluid simulations of waves in the solar chromosphere II. Propagation and damping of fast magneto-acoustic waves and shocks
• A closer look at a coronal loop rooted in a sunspot umbra
• Transition-Region/Coronal Signatures and Magnetic Setting of Sunspot Penumbral Jets: {\it Hinode} (SOT/FG), Hi-C and {\it SDO}/AIA Observations
• Measurements of Solar Differential Rotation and Meridional Circulation from Tracking of Photospheric Magnetic Features
• Magneto-acoustic wave energy from numerical simulations of an observed sunspot umbra
• Structure of prominence legs: Plasma and magnetic field
• On the nature of off-limb flare continuum sources detected by SDO/HMI
• Diagnostics of Coronal Magnetic Fields Through the Hanle Effect in UV and IR Lines
• Imaging Spectroscopy of a White-Light Solar Flare
• On the Misalignment between Chromospheric Features and the Magnetic Field on the Sun
• Asymmetric Magnetic Reconnection in Solar Flare and Coronal Mass Ejection Current Sheets
• Lessons from early Earth: UV surface radiation should not limit the habitability of active M star systems
• Sunspot rotation. I. A consequence of flux emergence
• Solar Flare Prediction Using Magnetic Field Diagnostics Above the Photosphere
• A Hot Downflowing Model Atmosphere For Umbral Flashes And The Physical Properties Of Their Dark Fibrils
• A Statistical Study on the Morphology of Rays and Dynamics of Blobs in the Wake of Coronal Mass Ejections
• Observations of Ellerman bomb emission features in He I D3 and He I 10830 Å
• Spectropolarimetric Insight into Plasma-Sheet Dynamics of a Solar Flare
• High-Resolution Observations of Flares in an Arch Filament System
• The EUV emission from sun-grazing comets
• First simultaneous SST/CRISP and IRIS observations of a small-scale quiet Sun vortex
• The solar chromosphere observed at 1 Hz and 0."2 resolution
• Vortex Tubes of Turbulent Solar Convection
• EUV and X-Ray Observations of Comet Lovejoy (C/2011 W3) in the Lower Corona
• Internal Gravity Waves in the Magnetized Solar Atmosphere. I. Magnetic Field Effects
• High Resolution Observations of Chromospheric Jets in Sunspot Umbra
• Correlation of Spectral Solar Irradiance with solar activity as measured by VIRGO
• Understanding breaks in solar flares x-ray spectra: Evaluation of a co-spatial return-current model
• Time variations of the non-potential and volume-threading magnetic helicities
• Observations and Modelling of the Pre-Flare Period of the 29 March 2014 X1 Flare
• Can we Determine Electric Fields and Poynting Fluxes from Vector Magnetograms and Doppler Measurements?
• Spectropolarimetric analysis of an active region filament. I. Magnetic and dynamical properties from single component inversions
• Observing Evolution in the Supergranular Length Scale During Periods of Low Solar Activity
• Hi-C Observations of Sunspot Penumbral Bright Dots
• Normal and counter Evershed flows in the photospheric penumbra of a sunspot. SPINOR 2D inversions of Hinode-SOT/ SP observations
• Which Photospheric Characteristics are Most Relevant to Active-Region Coronal Mass Ejections?
• Magnetic structure of an activated filament in a flaring active region
• Signature of mass supply to quiet coronal loops
• Fine structures in the atmosphere above a sunspot umbra
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• Observations and 3D MHD Modeling of a Confined Helical Jet Launched by a Filament Eruption
• Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations for Studying Solar Flare Trigger Mechanism
• On the formation of a stable penumbra in a region of flux emergence in the Sun
• The Role of Magnetic Helicity in Structuring the Solar Corona
• Automated Swirl Detection Algorithm (ASDA) and Its Application to Simulation and Observational Data
• Comparison of physical properties of quiet and active regions through the analysis of MHD simulations of the solar photosphere
• Electron Beams Cannot Directly Produce Coronal Rain
• Differences between Doppler velocities of ions and neutral atoms in a solar prominence
• Relating magnetic reconnection to coronal heating
• The detection of upwardly propagating waves channelling energy from the chromosphere to the low corona
• Surface waves in solar granulation observed with {\sc Sunrise}
• Statistical Properties of Ribbon Evolution and Reconnection Electric Fields in Eruptive and Confined Flares
• Chromospheric jets around the edges of sunspots
• Photometric Properties of Network and Faculae Derived from HMI Data Compensated for Scattered-Light
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• Properties of oscillatory motions in a facular region
• Semi-empirical model atmospheres for the chromosphere of the sunspot penumbra and umbral flashes
• Network Jets as the Driver of Counter-Streaming Flows in a Solar Filament/Filament Channel
• Lateral downflows in sunspot penumbral filaments and their temporal evolution
• On the origin of the magnetic energy in the quiet solar chromosphere
• Magnetic tornadoes and chromospheric swirls -- Definition and classification
• Understanding Stellar Contamination in Exoplanet Transmission Spectra as an Essential Step in Small Planet Characterization
• Dynamics of subarcsecond bright dots in the transition region above sunspot and their relation to penumbral micro-jets
• Systematic variations of macrospicule properties observed by SDO/AIA over half a decade
• Evolution of Photospheric Vector Magnetic Field Associated with Moving Flare Ribbons As Seen By GST
• Turbulence and Rotation in Solar-Type Stars
• Umbral chromospheric fine structure and umbral flashes modelled as one: the corrugated umbra
• ALMA Observations of the Solar Chromosphere on the Polar Limb
• Force-Free Field Reconstructions Enhanced by Chromospheric Magnetic Field Data
• On the relation between transition region network jets and coronal plumes
• Radial evolution of stochastic heating in low-$\beta$ solar wind
• Evidence of Twisting and Mixed-polarity Solar Photospheric Magnetic Field in Large Penumbral Jets: IRIS and Hinode Observations
• Two-dimensional simulations of coronal rain dynamics. I. Model with vertical magnetic field and an unbounded atmosphere
• The formation of small-scale umbral brightenings in sunspot atmospheres
• Does the radial-tangential macroturbulence model adequately describe the spectral line broadening of solar-type stars?
• Co-spatial velocity and magnetic swirls in the simulated solar photosphere
• Photospheric Shear Flows in Solar Active Regions and Their Relation to Flare Occurrence
• Absolute velocity measurements in sunspot umbrae
• Differences in periodic magnetic helicity injection behaviour between flaring and non-flaring Active Regions: Case Study
• Stable Umbral Chromospheric Structures
• Neutral Helium Triplet Spectroscopy of Quiescent Coronal Rain with Sensitivity Estimates for Spectropolarimetric Magnetic Field Diagnostics
• Spectropolarimetric analysis of an active region filament. II. Evidence of the limitations of a single component model
• Observations of solar chromospheric heating at sub-arcsec spatial resolution
• Photometric properties of resolved and unresolved magnetic elements
• Where the granular flows bend
• Signatures of quiet Sun reconnection events in Ca~{\sc ii}, H$\alpha$ and Fe~{\sc i}
• A reconnection-driven model of the hard X-ray loop-top source from flare 2004-Feb-26
• Statistical Investigation of Supersonic Downflows in the Transition Region above Sunspots
• Plasma properties and Stokes profiles during the lifetime of a photospheric magnetic bright point
• Spectroscopic evidence of Alfvén wave damping in the off-limb solar corona
• Destruction and Observational Signatures of Sun-Impacting Comets
• On Quasi-biennial oscillations in chromospheric macrospicules and their potential relation to global solar magnetic field
• Diagnosis of Magnetic and Electric Fields of Chromospheric Jets through Spectropolarimetric Observations of HI Paschen Lines
• Coronal Loop Expansion Properties Explained Using Separators
• Nonlinear Resistivity for Magnetohydrodynamical Models
• Evolution Of Super-Sonic Downflows In A Sunspot
• Supersonic Downflows at the Umbra-Penumbra Boundary of Sunspots
• Further Evidence for Looplike Fine Structure inside "Unipolar" Active Region Plages
• Are the sungrazing comets the inner source of pickup ions and energetic neutral atoms?
• Dynamics of a solar prominence tornado observed by SDO/AIA on 2012 November 7-8
• Transport of internetwork magnetic flux elements in the solar photosphere
• Observations of Reconnection Flows in a Flare on the Solar Disk
• Determining Energy Balance in the Flaring Chromosphere from Oxygen V Line Ratios
• Critical magnetic field strengths for solar coronal plumes in quiet regions and coronal holes?
• Plasma injection into a solar coronal loop
• 3D magnetic field configuration of small-scale reconnection events in the solar plasma atmosphere
• Simulated interaction of MHD shock waves with a complex network-like region
• The dynamic chromosphere: pushing the boundaries of observations and models
• Properties of Supersonic Evershed Downflows
• Detection of spatially structured scattering polarization of Sr I $4607.3$ Å\ with the Fast Solar Polarimeter
• 3d Numerical Models of the Chromosphere, Transition Region, and Corona
• Doppler Events in the Solar Photosphere: The Coincident Superposition of Fast Granular Flows and p-mode Coherence Patches
• Photometric Trends in the Visible Solar Continuum and Their Sensitivity to the Center-to-Limb Profile
• Association between Tornadoes and Instability of Hosting Prominence
• The Role of Magnetic Fields in Transient Seismic Emission Driven by Atmospheric Heating in Flares
• Internal Gravity Waves in the Magnetized Solar Atmosphere. II. Energy Transport
• Observations of a Radio-quiet Solar Preflare
• A shock wave instability induced on a periodically disturbed interface
• Study of the Dynamics of Convective Turbulence in the Solar Granulation by Spectral Line Broadening and Asymmetry
• Predictions of DKIST/DL-NIRSP observations for an off-limb kink-unstable coronal loop
• The formation of a penumbra as observed with the German VTT and SoHO/MDI
• A study of solar photospheric temperature gradient variation using limb darkening measurements
• Identifying acoustic wave sources on the Sun I. Two-dimensional waves in a simulated photosphere
• Temperature gradient in the solar photosphere. Test of a new spectroscopic method and study of its feasibility for ground-based telescopes
• Solar physics in the 2020s: DKIST, parker solar probe, and solar orbiter as a multi-messenger constellation
• Investigation of surface effects of simple flux tubes using numerical simulations

Cited by in corpus (46)

• Probing the physics of the solar atmosphere with the Multi-slit Solar Explorer (MUSE): I. Coronal Heating
• Waves in the lower solar atmosphere: the dawn of next-generation solar telescopes
• The Visible Spectro-Polarimeter of the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope
• Probing the Physics of the Solar Atmosphere with the Multi-slit Solar Explorer (MUSE): II. Flares and Eruptions
• Coronal Quasi-periodic Fast-mode Propagating Wave Trains
• Chromospheric Heating by MHD Waves and Instabilities
• The Atmospheric Response to High Nonthermal Electron Beam Fluxes in Solar Flares. II. Hydrogen Broadening Predictions for Solar Flare Observations with the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope
• Sunrise III: Overview of Observatory and Instruments
• Ultra-high resolution observations of plasmoid-mediated magnetic reconnection in the deep solar atmosphere
• Total Solar Irradiance during the Last Five Centuries
• Causes and Consequences of Magnetic Complexity Changes within Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections: a Statistical Study
• Thermal-light heterodyne spectroscopy with frequency comb calibration
• High-frequency wave power observed in the solar chromosphere with IBIS and ALMA
• The Propagation of Coherent Waves Across Multiple Solar Magnetic Pores
• Tackling the Unique Challenges of Low-frequency Solar Polarimetry with the Square Kilometre Array Low Precursor: The Algorithm
• Plausibility of ultraviolet burst generation in the low solar chromosphere
• Small-scale solar jet formation and their associated waves and instabilities
• Multi-Scale Deep Learning for Estimating Horizontal Velocity Fields on the Solar Surface
• Irradiance Variations of the Sun and Sun-Like Stars -- Overview of Topical Collection
• A statistical Analysis of Magnetic Field Changes in the Photosphere During Solar Flares Using High-cadence Vector Magnetograms and Their Association with Flare Ribbons
• Observational evidence for two-component distributions describing solar magnetic bright points
• A solar flare driven by thermal conduction observed in mid-infrared
• New Observations of the IR Emission Corona from the July 2, 2019 Eclipse Flight of the Airborne Infrared Spectrometer
• IBIS-A: The IBIS data Archive. High resolution observations of the solar photosphere and chromosphere with contextual data
• Penumbral decay observed in active region NOAA 12585
• Possible Signature of Sausage Waves in Photospheric Bright Points
• An Evolution and Eruption of the Coronal Magnetic Field through a Data-Driven MHD Simulation
• The Sunrise Chromospheric Infrared Spectro-Polarimeter SCIP: an instrument for SUNRISE III
• Tackling the Unique Challenges of Low-frequency Solar Polarimetry with the Square Kilometre Array Low Precursor: Pipeline Implementation
• Alfvén Waves in Solar Flares
• A novel inversion method to determine the coronal magnetic field including the impact of bound-free absorption
• Spectral lines in FUV and EUV for diagnosing coronal magnetic field
• How transverse MHD wave-driven turbulence influences the density filling factor in the solar corona?
• Multi-Height Observations of Atmospheric Gravity Waves at Solar Disk Center
• Role of magnetic arcades in explaining the puzzle of the gamma-ray emission from the solar disk
• Spectroscopic Imaging of the Sun with MeerKAT: Opening a New Frontier in Solar Physics
• Quantifying Properties of Photospheric Magnetic Cancellations in the Quiet Sun Internetwork
• Modeling Polarized Radio Sounding Observations of a Coronal Mass Ejection
• Observations of Thomson scattering from a loop-prominence system
• Spectral Characteristics of a Rotating Solar Prominence in Multiple Wavelengths
• Exploring magnetic loops and serpentine fields in the quiet Sun with the GRIS-IFU
• Future Prospects for Partially Ionised Solar Plasmas: the Prominence Case
• On the intermittency of hot plasma loops in the solar corona
• IRIS burst properties in active regions
• Challenges and Advances in Modeling of the Solar Atmosphere: A White Paper of Findings and Recommendations
• The dependence of the magnetism of a near-limb sunspot on height