A Contemporary View of Coronal Heating
arXiv:1206.6097 · doi:10.1098/rsta.2012.0113
Abstract
Determining the heating mechanism (or mechanisms) that causes the outer atmosphere of the Sun, and many other stars, to reach temperatures orders of magnitude higher than their surface temperatures has long been a key problem. For decades the problem has been known as the coronal heating problem, but it is now clear that `coronal heating' cannot be treated or explained in isolation and that the heating of the whole solar atmosphere must be studied as a highly coupled system. The magnetic field of the star is known to play a key role, but, despite significant advancements in solar telescopes, computing power and much greater understanding of theoretical mechanisms, the question of which mechanism or mechanisms are the dominant supplier of energy to the chromosphere and corona is still open. Following substantial recent progress, we consider the most likely contenders and discuss the key factors that have made, and still make, determining the actual (coronal) heating mechanism (or mechanisms) so difficult.
References in corpus (40)
- On Solving the Coronal Heating Problem
- Alfven Waves in the Lower Solar Atmosphere
- MHD Waves and Coronal Seismology: an overview of recent results
- An Ab Initio Approach to the Solar Coronal Heating Problem
- Time-Distance Seismology of the Solar Corona with CoMP
- Observing the Roots of Solar Coronal Heating - in the Chromosphere
- Jets in coronal holes: Hinode observations and 3D computer modelling
- EUV Flare Activity in Late-Type Stars
- Temperature and Emission-Measure Profiles Along Long-Lived Solar Coronal Loops Observed with TRACE
- Coronal rain as a marker for coronal heating mechanisms
- Twisted flux tube emergence from the convection zone to the corona
- An Ab Initio approach to Solar Coronal Loops
- Are Coronae of Magnetically Active Stars Heated by Flares? II. EUV and X-Ray Flare Statistics and the Differential Emission Measure Distribution
- Coronal Heating, Weak MHD Turbulence and Scaling Laws
- Quasi-periodic Propagating Signals in the Solar Corona: The Signature of Magnetoacoustic Waves or High-Velocity Upflows?
- On red shifs in the transition region and corona
- Energy Distribution of Micro-events in the Quiet Solar Corona
- Diagnostics of stellar flares from X-ray observations: from the decay to the rise phase
- Observations of Active Region Loops with the EUV Imaging Spectrometer on Hinode
- Coronal Loops: Observations and Modeling of Confined Plasma
- Hinode X-Ray Telescope Detection of Hot Emission from Quiescent Active Regions: A Nanoflare Signature?
- The role of torsional Alfven waves in coronal heating
- Dynamics of braided coronal loops II: Cascade to multiple small-scale reconnection events
- Dynamics of braided coronal loops - I. Onset of magnetic reconnection
- Evidence for Steady Heating: Observations of an Active Region Core with Hinode and TRACE
- Hydrostatic Modeling of the Integrated Soft X-Ray and EUV Emission in Solar Active Regions
- On The Doppler Velocity of Emission Line Profiles Formed in the "Coronal Contraflow" that is the Chromosphere-Corona Mass Cycle
- Shear Photospheric Forcing and the Origin of Turbulence in Coronal Loops
- Magnetohydrodynamic evolution of magnetic skeletons
- Twisted flux tube emergence from the convection zone to the corona II: Later states
- Solar Dynamics Observatory discovers thin high temperature strands in coronal active regions
- Widespread nanoflare variability detected with Hinode/XRT in a solar active region
- Theory of magnetic reconnection in solar and astrophysical plasmas
- Modeling X-ray Loops and EUV "Moss" in an Active Region Core
- Radiative Cooling in MHD Models of the Quiet Sun Convection Zone and Corona
- Elementary Heating Events - Magnetic Interactions Between Two Flux Sources. III Energy Considerations
- The CMB Quadrupole in a Polarized Light
- Consequences of spontaneous reconnection at a two-dimensional non-force-free current layer
- Deuterated species in extragalactic star-forming regions
- Three-Dimensional Magnetic Reconnection
Cited by in corpus (119)
- Key Aspects of Coronal Heating
- Coronal heating by MHD waves
- Modelling Quasi-Periodic Pulsations in Solar and Stellar Flares
- The Magnetic Field in the Solar Atmosphere
- The Properties of the Solar Corona and Its Connection to the Solar Wind
- Solar science with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array - A new view of our Sun
- Resonant Absorption of Transverse Oscillations and Associated Heating in a Solar Prominence. II- Numerical aspects
- Recent advances in coronal heating
- Wave Heating of the Solar Atmosphere
- Resonant Absorption of Transverse Oscillations and Associated Heating in a Solar Prominence. I- Observational aspects
- Observation and Modeling of Solar Jets
- Critical Science Plan for the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST)
- A Cancellation Nanoflare Model for Solar Chromospheric and Coronal Heating
- The Role of Turbulence in Coronal Heating and Solar Wind Expansion
- A global view of velocity fluctuations in the corona below 1.3 with CoMP
- Plasmoid Instability in Forming Current Sheets
- Numerical Simulations of Coronal Heating through Footpoint Braiding
- The existence of warm and optically thick dissipative coronae above accretion disks
- Formation of quasi-periodic slow magnetoacoustic wave trains by the heating/cooling misbalance
- Magnetohydrodynamic kink waves in nonuniform solar flux tubes: phase mixing and energy cascade to small scales
- Heating effects from driven transverse and Alfvén waves in coronal loops
- Measurements of Non-Thermal Line Widths in Solar Active Regions
- Suprathermal Electrons in the Solar Corona: Can Nonlocal Transport Explain Heliospheric Charge States?
- Ensemble Simulations of Proton Heating in the Solar Wind via Turbulence and Ion Cyclotron Resonance
- First comparison of wave observations from CoMP and AIA/SDO
- Non-equilibrium helium ionization in an MHD simulation of the solar atmosphere
- The effects of resistivity and viscosity on the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in oscillating coronal loops
- The Heating of Solar Coronal Loops by Alfven Wave Turbulence
- Can the Differential Emission Measure constrain the timescale of energy deposition
- Investigating `dark' energy in the solar corona using forward modeling of MHD waves
- IRIS observations of short-term variability in moss associated with transient hot coronal loops
- Forward Modelling of Standing Slow Modes in Flaring Coronal Loops
- Energetics of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability induced by transverse waves in twisted coronal loops
- Numerical simulations of transverse oscillations in radiatively cooling coronal loops
- Waves in Solar Coronal Loops
- Are Chromospheric Nanoflares a Primary Source of Coronal Plasma?
- Cool transition region loops observed by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph
- Plasma sloshing in pulse-heated solar and stellar coronal loops
- Phase mixing and wave heating in a complex coronal plasma
- On the spatial scales of wave heating in the solar chromosphere
- Low-frequency Alfven Waves Produced by Magnetic Reconnection in the Sun's Magnetic Carpet
- Multi-fluid approach to high-frequency waves in plasmas. III. Nonlinear regime and plasma heating
- Multi-fluid Approach to High-frequency Waves in Plasmas. II. Small-amplitude Regime in Partially Ionized Media
- Wave modes excited by photospheric p-modes and mode conversion in a multi-loop system
- Impulsively Generated Wave Trains in Coronal Structures: I. Effects of Transverse Structuring on Sausage Waves in Pressureless Tubes
- Evolution of fast magnetoacoustic pulses in randomly structured coronal plasmas
- Stirring the Base of the Solar Wind: On Heat Transfer and Vortex Formation
- The detection of upwardly propagating waves channelling energy from the chromosphere to the low corona
- Multi-fluid approach to high-frequency waves in plasmas: I. Small-amplitude regime in fully ionized medium
- Why Does the Solar Corona Abnormally Rotate Faster Than the Photosphere?
- Contribution of observed multi frequency spectrum of Alfvén waves to coronal heating
- Role of Compressive Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity on the Damping of Slow Waves in the Coronal Loops With and Without Heating-Cooling Imbalance
- A Cancellation Nanoflare Model for Solar Chromospheric and Coronal Heating III. 3D Simulations and Atmospheric Response
- Contribution of phase-mixing of Alfvén waves to coronal heating in multi-harmonic loop oscillations
- Effects of flare definitions on the statistics of derived flare distributions
- Model comparison for the density structure across solar coronal waveguides
- Phase mixing of nonlinear Alfven waves
- Impulsively generated wave trains in coronal structures: II. Effects of transverse structuring on sausage waves in pressureless slabs
- Wave heating in simulated multi-stranded coronal loops
- 2D cellular automaton model for the evolution of active region coronal plasmas
- Statistical Evidence for the Existence of Alfvénic Turbulence in Solar Coronal Loops
- Structure and Dynamics of the 13/14 November 2012 Eclipse White-Light Corona
- Assessing the Capabilities of Dynamic Coronal Seismology of Alfvénic Waves through Forward Modeling
- Chromospheric evaporation and phase mixing of Alfvén waves in coronal loops
- On the formation of solar wind & switchbacks, and quiet Sun heating
- Hard X-Ray Constraints on Small-Scale Coronal Heating Events
- The Propagation of Coherent Waves Across Multiple Solar Magnetic Pores
- The coronal energy input from magnetic braiding
- On Mode Conversion, Reflection and Transmission of Magneto-Acoustic Waves from Above in an Isothermal Stratified Atmosphere
- On the structure and statistical theory of turbulence of extended magnetohydrodynamics
- Revisiting the relation between nonthermal line widths and transverse MHD wave amplitudes
- Is It Small-scale Weak Magnetic Activity That Effectively Heats the Upper Solar Atmosphere?
- Deciphering the solar coronal heating: Energizing small-scale loops through surface convection
- Competition between shock and turbulent heating in coronal loop system
- Standing kink waves in sigmoid solar coronal loops: implications for coronal seismology
- State transition induced by self-steepening and self phase-modulation
- Time-Dependent Turbulent Heating of Open Flux Tubes in the Chromosphere, Corona, and Solar Wind
- Spectroscopic evidence of Alfvén wave damping in the off-limb solar corona
- Magnetohydrodynamic waves in braided magnetic fields
- Flare particle acceleration in the interaction of twisted coronal flux ropes
- Particle dynamics in a non-flaring solar active region model
- Energy release in driven twisted coronal loops
- Investigating the damping rate of phase-mixed Alfven waves
- Average radial structures of gas convection in the solar granulation
- Nanoflare Theory Revisited
- Observationally quantified reconnection providing a viable mechanism for active region coronal heating
- Damping of slow surface kink modes in solar photospheric waveguides modeled by one-dimensional inhomogeneities
- Undetected Minority-polarity Flux as the Missing Link in Coronal Heating
- Is Magnetic Topology Important for Heating the Solar Atmosphere?
- Spectroscopic and imaging observations of transient hot and cool loops by IRIS and SDO
- Solar Magnetic Carpet III: Coronal Modelling of Synthetic Magnetograms
- Observational signatures of a kink-unstable coronal flux rope using Hinode/EIS
- Explaining Inverted Temperature Loops in the Quiet Solar Corona with Magnetohydrodynamic Wave Mode Conversion
- Transition region contribution to AIA observations in the context of coronal heating
- Nanoflare Heating of the Solar Corona Observed in X-rays
- Enhanced Phase Mixing of Torsional Alfvén Waves in Stratified and Divergent Solar Coronal Structures, Paper II: Nonlinear Simulations
- Superoscillations in solar MHD waves and their possible role in heating coronal loops
- Predictions of DKIST/DL-NIRSP observations for an off-limb kink-unstable coronal loop
- A Global Survey of EUV Corona Power Spectra
- Magnetically coupled atmosphere, fast sausage MHD waves, and forced magnetic field reconnection during the SOL2014-09-10T17:45 flare
- Temperature inversion in a confined plasma atmosphere: coarse-grained effect of temperature fluctuations at its base
- An observationally-driven kinetic approach to coronal heating
- On the nature of transverse coronal waves revealed by wavefront dislocations
- An Observational Test of Solar Plasma Heating by Magnetic Flux Cancellation
- A potential magnetic field calculator for solar physics applications using staggered grids
- Can Multi-Threaded Flux Tubes in Coronal Arcades Support a Magnetohydrodynamic Avalanche?
- Coronal heating problem solution by means of axion origin photons
- Extended temporal coarse-graining in a stratified and confined plasma under thermal fluctuations
- Simulating the Solar Corona with Multiple Solar Photospheric Magnetic Maps during the 8 April 2024 Total Solar Eclipse
- Inevitable consequences of ion-neutral damping of intermediate MHD waves in Sun-like stars
- Solar Kaluza-Klein axion search with NEWS-G
- Quiet Sun impulsive events observed with NuSTAR during solar minimum
- Energy conversion rate of an active region transient brightening estimated by a spectroscopic observation of Hinode
- Line Profile Studies of Coronal Active Regions in Fe XII λ195.12 Using Hinode/EIS
- Electric current filamentation induced by 3D plasma flows in the solar corona
- Thermomagnetic Ettingshausen-Nernst effect in tachocline, magnetic reconnection phenomenon in lower layers, axion mechanism of solar luminosity variations, coronal heating problem solution and mechanism of ADM variations around BH
- Enhanced Phase Mixing of Torsional Alfvén Waves in Stratified and Divergent Solar Coronal Structures, Paper I: Linear Solutions
- Hinode 7: Conference Summary and Future Suggestions
- Multi-scale Energy Release Events in the Quiet Sun: A Possible Source for Coronal Heating