Waves in the lower solar atmosphere: the dawn of next-generation solar telescopes

Abstract

Waves and oscillations have been observed in the Sun's atmosphere for over half a century. While such phenomena have readily been observed across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, spanning radio to gamma-ray sources, the underlying role of waves in the supply of energy to the outermost extremities of the Sun's corona has yet to be uncovered. Of particular interest is the lower solar atmosphere, including the photosphere and chromosphere, since these regions harbor the footpoints of powerful magnetic flux bundles that are able to guide oscillatory motion upwards from the solar surface. As a result, many of the current- and next-generation ground-based and space-borne observing facilities are focusing their attention on these tenuous layers of the lower solar atmosphere in an attempt to study, at the highest spatial and temporal scales possible, the mechanisms responsible for the generation, propagation, and ultimate dissipation of energetic wave phenomena. Here, we present a two-fold review that is designed to overview both the wave analyses techniques the solar physics community currently have at their disposal, as well as highlight scientific advancements made over the last decade. Importantly, while many ground-breaking studies will address and answer key problems in solar physics, the cutting-edge nature of their investigations will naturally pose yet more outstanding observational and/or theoretical questions that require subsequent follow-up work. This is not only to be expected, but should be embraced as a reminder of the era of rapid discovery we currently find ourselves in. We will highlight these open questions and suggest ways in which the solar physics community can address these in the years and decades to come.

198 pages, 67 figures, 794 references, accepted for publication as a Living Review in Solar Physics (LRSP)

References in corpus (141)

• The generalised Lomb-Scargle periodogram. A new formalism for the floating-mean and Keplerian periodograms
• The Solar Optical Telescope for the Hinode Mission: An Overview
• The Solar Orbiter mission -- Science overview
• CRISP Spectropolarimetric Imaging of Penumbral Fine Structure
• Alfven Waves in the Lower Solar Atmosphere
• Chromospheric Anemone Jets as Evidence of Ubiquitous Reconnection
• Preprocessing of vector magnetograph data for a non-linear force-free magnetic field reconstruction
• High Resolution Observations and Modeling of Dynamic Fibrils
• Convectively driven vortex flows in the Sun
• Emergence of Small-Scale Magnetic Loops in the Quiet Sun Internetwork
• Multiwavelength studies of MHD waves in the solar chromosphere: An overview of recent results
• An Open Source, Massively Parallel Code for Non-LTE Synthesis and Inversion of Spectral Lines and Zeeman-induced Stokes Profiles
• On the generation of solar spicules and Alfvénic waves
• Metis: the Solar Orbiter visible light and ultraviolet coronal imager
• Advanced Forward Modeling and Inversion of Stokes Profiles Resulting from the Joint Action of the Hanle and Zeeman Effects
• Nonlinear force-free modeling of the solar coronal magnetic field
• High cadence observations of a global coronal wave by EUVI/STEREO
• Emergence of small-scale magnetic loops through the quiet solar atmosphere
• On the prevalence of small-scale twist in the solar chromosphere and transition region
• Global Seismology of the Sun
• The solar chromosphere at high resolution with IBIS. I. New insights from the Ca II 854.2 nm line
• Three Dimensional MHD Wave Propagation and Conversion to Alfven Waves near the Solar Surface. I. Direct Numerical Solution
• Channeling 5-min photospheric oscillations into the solar outer atmosphere through small-scale vertical magnetic flux tubes
• The Nature of Running Penumbral Waves Revealed
• Element Abundances: A New Diagnostic for the Solar Wind
• Non-linear numerical simulations of magneto-acoustic wave propagation in small-scale flux tubes
• The European Solar Telescope
• Statistical properties of the Disk Counterparts of Type II Spicules from simultaneous observations of RBEs in Ca II 8542 and Hα
• Dynamics of the Solar Magnetic Network. II. Heating the Magnetized Chromosphere
• Low-lying magnetic loops in the solar internetwork
• The solar chromosphere at high resolution with IBIS. II. Acoustic shocks in the quiet internetwork and the role of magnetic fields
• Dynamics of the solar magnetic bright points derived from their horizontal motions
• Heating signatures in the disk counterparts of solar spicules in IRIS observations
• DOT tomography of the solar atmosphere. IV. Magnetic patches in internetwork areas
• Structure and Dynamics of Isolated Internetwork Ca II H Bright Points Observed by Sunrise
• Relationships between magnetic foot points and G-band bright structures
• Recovering Thermodynamics from Spectral Profiles observed by IRIS: A Machine and Deep Learning Approach
• The Dynamics of Rapid Redshifted and Blueshifted Excursions in the Solar Halpha line
• Stokes Inversion based on Convolutional Neural Networks
• Can We Improve the Preprocessing of Photospheric Vector Magnetograms by the Inclusion of Chromospheric Observations?
• The signature of chromospheric heating in Ca II H spectra
• Transverse Oscillations in Slender Ca II H Fibrils Observed with Sunrise/SuFI
• Ion-neutral interactions and non-equilibrium ionization in the solar chromosphere
• Instrumentation for solar spectropolarimetry: state of the art and prospects
• Computational helioseismology in the frequency domain: acoustic waves in axisymmetric solar models with flows
• Super-strong Magnetic Field in Sunspots
• High-frequency Oscillations in Small Magnetic Elements Observed with Sunrise/SuFI
• An Inside Look at Sunspot Oscillations with Higher Azimuthal Wavenumbers
• DeSIRe: Departure coefficient aided Stokes Inversion based on Response functions
• MHS sunspot model from deep sub-photospheric to chromospheric layers
• The GREGOR Fabry-Pérot Interferometer
• Magnetic field emergence in quiet Sun granules
• Slender Ca II H Fibrils Mapping Magnetic Fields in the Low Solar Chromosphere
• Internetwork chromospheric bright grains observed with IRIS
• Sparse inversion of Stokes profiles. I. Two-dimensional Milne-Eddington inversions
• Simulations Show that Vortex Flows could Heat the Chromosphere in Solar Plage
• Vortex Flow Properties in Simulations of Solar Plage Region: Evidence for their role in chromospheric heating
• Alfvén Waves in the Structured Solar Corona
• High-Frequency Oscillations in a Solar Active Region observed with the Rapid Dual Imager
• Diffusion of magnetic elements in a supergranular cell
• Non-linear propagation of kink waves to the solar chromosphere
• Chromospheric Heating by MHD Waves and Instabilities
• High Frequency Waves in Chromospheric Spicules
• Observational evidence for buffeting induced kink waves in solar magnetic elements
• Alfvenic Perturbations in a Sunspot Chromosphere Linked to Fractionated Plasma in the Corona
• Inclinations of small quiet-Sun magnetic features based on a new geometric approach
• Combining magneto-hydrostatic constraints with Stokes profiles inversions
• A Hot Downflowing Model Atmosphere For Umbral Flashes And The Physical Properties Of Their Dark Fibrils
• Internal Gravity Waves in the Magnetized Solar Atmosphere. I. Magnetic Field Effects
• H-alpha features with hot onsets III. Fibrils in Lyman-alpha and with ALMA
• The Frequency-dependent Damping of Slow Magnetoacoustic Waves in a Sunspot Umbral Atmosphere
• Hinode and IRIS observations of the magnetohydrodynamic waves propagating from the photosphere to the chromosphere in a sunspot
• The influence of NLTE effects in Fe I lines on an inverted atmosphere I. 6301 A and 6302 A lines formed in 1D NLTE
• Dynamic properties of bright points in an active region
• Plasma Beta Stratification in the Solar Atmosphere: A Possible Explanation for the Penumbra Formation
• SDO/HMI survey of emerging active regions for helioseismology
• Height variation of the vector magnetic field in solar spicules
• Solar Vortex Tubes: Vortex Dynamics in the Solar Atmosphere
• Zeeman-Tomography of the Solar Photosphere -- 3-Dimensional Surface Structures Retrieved from Hinode Observations
• Magnetic swirls and associated fast magnetoacoustic kink waves in a solar chromospheric flux tube
• Origin of the chromospheric three-minute oscillations in sunspot umbrae
• Intermediate shock substructures within a slow-mode shock occurring in partially ionised plasma
• Magnetic and Thermal Phase Shifts in the Local Helioseismology of Sunspots
• The energy of waves in the photosphere and lower chromosphere: III. Inversion setup for Ca II H spectra in local thermal equilibrium
• Fast inversion of solar Ca II spectra
• The GREGOR Fabry-Pérot Interferometer and its companion the Blue Imaging Solar Spectrometer
• Observational study of chromospheric heating by acoustic waves
• The Physical Nature of Spiral Wave Patterns in Sunspots
• Semi-empirical model atmospheres for the chromosphere of the sunspot penumbra and umbral flashes
• Numerical determination of the cutoff frequency in solar models
• Signatures of Steady Heating in Time Lag Analysis of Coronal Emission
• High-resolution observations of the solar photosphere, chromosphere and transition region. A database of coordinated IRIS and SST observations
• Nanoflare Activity in the Solar Chromosphere
• The Propagation of Coherent Waves Across Multiple Solar Magnetic Pores
• Dynamics of internetwork chromospheric fibrils: Basic properties and MHD kink waves
• Observed local dispersion relations for magneto-acoustic-gravity waves in the Sun's atmosphere: Mapping the acoustic cut-off frequency
• What have we learned from helioseismology, what have we really learned, and what do we aspire to learn?
• Combining magneto-hydrostatic constraints with Stokes profile inversions. II. Application to Hinode/SP observations
• Propagation of Waves above a Plage as Observed by IRIS and SDO
• Characterizing the Motion of Solar Magnetic Bright Points at High Resolution
• An overall view of temperature oscillations in the solar chromosphere with ALMA
• Nature of Quiet Sun Oscillations Using Data from the Hinode, TRACE, and SOHO Spacecraft
• A novel approach to identify resonant MHD wave modes in solar pores and sunspot umbrae: $B-\omega$ analysis
• Transverse motions in sunspot super-penumbral fibrils
• Unveiling the magnetic nature of chromospheric vortices
• Magnetohydrodynamic wave mode identification in circular and elliptical sunspot umbrae: evidence for high order modes
• The magnetic properties of photospheric magnetic bright points with high resolution spectropolarimetry
• Transmission and conversion of magnetoacoustic waves on the magnetic canopy in a quiet Sun region
• Kinematics of Magnetic Bright Features in the Solar Photosphere
• Signatures of sunspot oscillations and the case for chromospheric resonances
• Dynamics of the solar chromosphere. V. High-frequency modulation in ultraviolet image sequences from TRACE
• Capabilities of bisector analysis of the Si I 10827 A line for estimating line-of-sight velocities in the quiet Sun
• Observations of Running Penumbral Waves emerging in a Sunspot
• Oscillations Above Sunspots and Faculae: Height Stratification and Relation to Coronal Fan Structure
• Properties of local oscillations in the lower sunspot atmosphere
• Analysing the effects of apodizing windows on local correlation tracking using Nirvana simulations of convection
• High-resolution wave dynamics in the lower solar atmosphere
• Temporal evolution of small-scale internetwork magnetic fields in the solar photosphere
• Spatial Distribution of Origin of Umbral Waves in a Sunspot Umbra
• Downflowing umbral flashes as an evidence of standing waves in sunspot umbrae
• Finding the mechanism of wave energy flux damping in solar pores using numerical simulations
• Direct observations of different sunspot waves influenced by umbral flashes
• Ubiquitous hundred-Gauss magnetic fields in solar spicules
• Oscillations In The Line-of-Sight Magnetic Field Strength In A Pore Observed By The GREGOR Infrared Spectrograph (GRIS)
• IRIS observations of chromospheric heating by acoustic waves in solar quiet and active regions
• Synthetic observations of internal gravity waves in the solar atmosphere
• Ambipolar Diffusion in the Lower Solar Atmosphere: MHD Simulations of a Sunspot
• Semi-empirical models of spicule from inversion of Ca II 8542 Å line
• Five-minute oscillation power within magnetic elements in the solar atmosphere
• Propagation of transverse waves in the solar chromosphere probed at different heights with ALMA sub-bands
• Shock identification and classification in 2D MHD compressible turbulence -- Orszag-Tang vortex
• Inversions of synthetic umbral flashes: selection of wavelength sampling
• Observation of kink waves and their reconnection-like origin in solar spicules
• Variations of magnetic bright point properties with longitude and latitude as observed by Hinode/SOT G-band data
• Dynamics of Sunspot Shock Waves in the Chromosphere and Transition Region
• Oscillations observed in Umbra, Plage, Quiet-Sun and the Polarity Inversion Line of Active Region 11158 using HMI/SDO Data
• Propagation of High Frequency Waves in the Quiet Solar Atmosphere
• MCALF: Multi-Component Atmospheric Line Fitting
• Frequency Distribution of Acoustic Oscillation in the Solar Atmosphere During Flare Event
• Computing Helioseismic Sensitivity Kernels for the Sun's Large-Scale Internal Flows using Global-Scale Wave-Propagation Simulations
• Chromospheric Heating by Acoustic Waves Compared to Radiative Cooling: II -- Revised Grid of Models

Cited by in corpus (20)

• Small-scale dynamos: From idealized models to solar and stellar applications
• Observation of Alfvén Wave Reflection in the Solar Chromosphere: Ponderomotive Force and First Ionization Potential Effect
• Sausage, kink, and fluting MHD wave modes identified in solar magnetic pores by Solar Orbiter/PHI
• Unveiling the True Nature of Plasma Dynamics from the Reference Frame of a Super-penumbral Fibril
• On the formation height of low-corona and chromospheric channels of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)
• Spectropolarimetric investigation of magnetohydrodynamic wave modes in the photosphere: First results from PHI on board Solar Orbiter
• MHD waves in homogeneous and continuously stratified atmospheres
• First detection of acoustic-like flux in the middle solar corona
• The Sun at millimeter wavelengths IV. Magnetohydrodynamic waves in small-scale bright features
• Solar GES-structure modified with EiBI gravity
• Detection of wave activity within a realistic 3D MHD quiet sun simulation
• Bright Dots and Coronal Plume Formation in Sunspot Penumbra
• Solar photospheric velocities measured in space: a comparison between SO/PHI-HRT and SDO/HMI
• Dissipative Instability of Magnetohydrodynamic Sausage Waves in a Compressional Cylindrical Plasma: Effect of Flow Shear and Viscosity Shear
• Concurrent Kink and Sausage Waves in A Crescent Shaped Structure Over A Limb Prominence
• A view of the evolution of a CME and the associated wave-trains at high spatial and temporal resolution
• The Sun at millimeter wavelengths V. Magnetohydrodynamic waves in a fibrillar structure
• Determining the Polarisation of a Coronal Standing Kink Oscillation Using Spectral Imaging Techniques with the Coronal Multi-channel Polarimeter (CoMP)
• Multi-height Identification of Sausage and Fluting Eigenmodes in a Solar Pore
• Measurement of energy reduction by inertial Alfvén waves propagating through parallel gradients in the Alfvén speed