Ultra-high resolution observations of plasmoid-mediated magnetic reconnection in the deep solar atmosphere

Abstract

Magnetic reconnection in the deep solar atmosphere can give rise to enhanced emission in the Balmer hydrogen lines, a phenomenon referred to as Ellerman bombs. To effectively trace magnetic reconnection below the canopy of chromospheric fibrils, we analyzed unique spectroscopic observations of Ellerman bombs in the H-alpha line. We analyzed a 10 min dataset of a young emerging active region observed with the prototype of the Microlensed Hyperspectral Imager (MiHI) at the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope (SST). The MiHI instrument is an integral field spectrograph that is capable of achieving simultaneous ultra-high resolution in the spatial, temporal and spectral domains. With the combination of the SST adaptive optics system and image restoration techniques, MiHI can deliver diffraction limited observations if the atmospheric seeing conditions allow. The dataset samples the H-alpha line over 4.5 A with 10 mA/pix, with 0.065"/pix over a field of view of 8.6" x 7.7", and at a temporal cadence of 1.33s. This constitutes a hyperspectral data cube that measures 132 x 118 spatial pixels, 456 spectral pixels, and 455 time steps. There were multiple sites with Ellerman bomb activity associated with strong magnetic flux emergence. The Ellerman bomb activity is very dynamic, showing rapid variability and small-scale substructure. We found a number of plasmoid-like blobs with full-width-half-maximum sizes between 0.1" - 0.4" and moving with apparent velocities between 14 and 77 km/s. Some of these blobs have Ellerman bomb spectral profiles with a single peak at a Doppler offset between 47 and 57 km/s. Our observations support the idea that fast magnetic reconnection in Ellerman bombs is mediated by the formation of plasmoids. These MiHI observations demonstrate that a micro-lens based integral field spectrograph is capable of probing fundamental physical processes in the solar atmosphere.

accepted for publication in A&A. Movies can be found at https://www.mn.uio.no/astro/english/people/aca/rouppe/movies/

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• A comparative study of resistivity models for simulations of magnetic reconnection in the solar atmosphere. II. Plasmoid formation
• Improved reconstruction of solar magnetic fields from imaging spectropolarimetry through spatio-temporal regularisation
• Thin coronal jets and plasmoid-mediated reconnection: Insights from Solar Orbiter observations and Bifrost simulations
• Extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) observables of simulated plasmoid-mediated reconnection in the solar corona
• Spectral resolution effects on the information content in solar spectra
• Photospheric Hot Spots at Solar Coronal Loop Footpoints Revealed by Hyperspectral Imaging Observations
• Automatic detection of Ellerman bombs using Deep Learning