Strong and Weak Three-Dimensional Topological Insulators Probed by Surface Science Methods

Abstract

We review the contributions of surface science methods to discover and improve 3D topological insulator materials, while illustrating with examples from our own work. In particular, we demonstrate that spin-polarized angular-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy is instrumental to evidence the spin-helical surface Dirac cone, to tune its Dirac point energy towards the Fermi level, and to discover novel types of topological insulators such as dual ones or switchable ones in phase change materials. Moreover, we introduce procedures to spatially map potential fluctuations by scanning tunneling spectroscopy and to identify topological edge states in weak topological insulators.

Review article, 37 pages, 8 figures

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• Modification of transition radiation by three-dimensional topological insulators
• Real-space effects of a quench in the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model and elusive dynamical appearance of the topological edge states
• Vavilov-Cherenkov radiation for parallel motion in three-dimensional topological insulators
• Spectroscopic footprints of quantum friction in nonreciprocal and chiral media