Repetitive single electron spin readout in silicon

Abstract

Single electron spins confined in silicon quantum dots hold great promise as a quantum computing architecture with demonstrations of long coherence times, high-fidelity quantum logic gates, basic quantum algorithms and device scalability. While single-shot spin detection is now a laboratory routine, the need for quantum error correction in a large-scale quantum computing device demands a quantum non-demolition (QND) implementation. Unlike conventional counterparts, the QND spin readout imposes minimal disturbance to the probed spin polarization and can therefore be repeated to extinguish measurement errors. However, it has remained elusive for an electron spin in silicon as it involves exquisite exposure of the system to the external circuitry for readout while maintaining the coherence and integrity of the qubit. Here we show that an electron spin qubit in silicon can be measured in a highly non-demolition manner by probing another electron spin in a neighboring dot Ising-coupled to the qubit spin. The high non-demolition fidelity (99% on average) enables over 20 readout repetitions of a single spin state, yielding an overall average measurement fidelity of up to 95% within 1.2 ms. We further demonstrate that our repetitive QND readout protocol can realize heralded high-fidelity (> 99.6%) ground-state preparation. Our QND-based measurement and preparation, mediated by a second qubit of the same kind, will allow for a new class of quantum information protocols with electron spins in silicon without compromising the architectural homogeneity.

References in corpus (23)

• Surface codes: Towards practical large-scale quantum computation
• Single-shot read-out of an individual electron spin in a quantum dot
• An addressable quantum dot qubit with fault-tolerant control fidelity
• A Two Qubit Logic Gate in Silicon
• A >99.9%-fidelity quantum-dot spin qubit with coherence limited by charge noise
• A programmable two-qubit quantum processor in silicon
• High-fidelity readout and control of a nuclear spin qubit in silicon
• Fidelity benchmarks for two-qubit gates in silicon
• Scalable gate architecture for densely packed semiconductor spin qubits
• Reduced sensitivity to charge noise in semiconductor spin qubits via symmetric operation
• A fault-tolerant addressable spin qubit in a natural silicon quantum dot
• Efficient C-Phase gate for single-spin qubits in quantum dots
• Fast Electrical Control of Single Electron Spins in Quantum Dots with Vanishing Influence from Nuclear Spins
• Quantum Non-demolition Measurements on Qubits
• Robust micro-magnet design for fast electrical manipulations of single spins in quantum dots
• A silicon quantum-dot-coupled nuclear spin qubit
• Single-Spin Relaxation in a Synthetic Spin-Orbit Field
• Quantum nondemolition measurement of an electron spin qubit
• Optimized electrical control of a Si/SiGe spin qubit in the presence of an induced frequency shift
• Non-destructive measurement of electron spins in a quantum dot
• Benchmarking high fidelity single-shot readout of semiconductor qubits
• Coherent electron-spin-resonance manipulation of three individual spins in a triple quantum dot
• A fast quantum interface between different spin qubit encodings

Cited by in corpus (34)

• Semiconductor Qubits In Practice
• Review of performance metrics of spin qubits in gated semiconducting nanostructures
• Coherent spin qubit transport in silicon
• Quantum tomography of an entangled three-spin state in silicon
• High-fidelity operation and algorithmic initialisation of spin qubits above one kelvin
• Spiderweb array: A sparse spin-qubit array
• Hole spin qubits in Si FinFETs with fully tunable spin-orbit coupling and sweet spots for charge noise
• Noise-correlation spectrum for a pair of spin qubits in silicon
• Spin readout of a CMOS quantum dot by gate reflectometry and spin-dependent tunnelling
• Repetitive readout and real-time control of nuclear spin qubits in ${}^{171}$Yb atoms
• Spatial noise correlations beyond nearest-neighbor in ${}^{28}$Si/SiGe spin qubits
• Rapid single-shot parity spin readout in a silicon double quantum dot with fidelity exceeding 99 %
• Rapid cryogenic characterisation of 1024 integrated silicon quantum dots
• Beating the thermal limit of qubit initialization with a Bayesian Maxwell's demon
• Determination of spin-orbit interaction in semiconductor nanostructures via non-linear transport
• Feedback-based active reset of a spin qubit in silicon
• Generalized figure of merit for qubit readout
• Experimental QND measurements of complementarity on two-qubit states with IonQ and IBM Q quantum computers
• Error channels in quantum nondemolition measurements on spin systems
• Improved Single-Shot Qubit Readout Using Twin RF-SET Charge Correlations
• Readout using Resonant Tunneling in Silicon Spin Qubits
• Ancilla mediated qubit readout and heralded entanglement between rare-earth dopant ions in crystals
• Quantum non-demolition measurement of an electron spin qubit through its low-energy many-body spin environment
• Effects of dissipation in reservoir computing using a spin qubit array
• Radiofrequency cascade readout of coupled spin qubits
• Charge state estimation in quantum dots using a Bayesian approach
• Solitonic Andreev spin qubits from Andreev states in Corbino Josephson junctions
• Maximizing the nondemolition nature of a quantum measurement via an adaptive readout protocol
• Four-state discrimination for a pair of spin qubits via gate reflectometry
• Generation of phonon quantum states and quantum correlations among single photon emitters in hexagonal boron nitride
• Effects of valley splitting on resonant-tunneling readout of spin qubits
• Quantum Computation
• Designs for a two-dimensional Si quantum dot array with spin qubit addressability
• Multipartite continuous-variable quantum nondemolition interaction and entanglement certification and monitoring