The Challenge of Spin-Orbit-Tuned Ground States in Iridates

Abstract

Effects of spin-orbit interactions in condensed matter are an important and rapidly evolving topic. Strong competition between spin-orbit, on-site Coulomb and crystalline electric field interactions in iridates drives exotic quantum states that are unique to this group of materials. In particular, the Jeff = 1/2 Mott state served as an early signal that the combined effect of strong spin-orbit and Coulomb interactions in iridates has unique, intriguing consequences. In this Key Issues Review, we survey some current experimental studies of iridates. In essence, these materials tend to defy conventional wisdom: absence of conventional correlations between magnetic and insulating states, avoidance of metallization at high pressures, S-shaped I-V characteristic, emergence of an odd-parity hidden order, etc. It is particularly intriguing that there exist conspicuous discrepancies between current experimental results and theoretical proposals that address superconducting, topological and quantum spin liquid phases. This class of materials, in which the lattice degrees of freedom play a critical role seldom seen in other materials, evidently presents some profound intellectual challenges that call for more investigations both experimentally and theoretically. Physical properties unique to these materials may help unlock a world of possibilities for functional materials and devices. We emphasize that, given the rapidly developing nature of this field, this Key Issues Review is by no means an exhaustive report of the current state of experimental studies of iridates.

58 pages, and 29 figure; Key Issues Review

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Cited by in corpus (97)

• Models and Materials for Generalized Kitaev Magnetism
• Electronic structure of quantum materials studied by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
• Honeycomb Layered Oxides: Structure, Energy Storage, Transport, Topology and Relevant Insights
• Correlation-driven eightfold magnetic anisotropy in a two-dimensional oxide monolayer
• Unraveling the nature of magnetism of the 5${\mathbf{d}}^4$ double perovskite Ba${}_2$YIrO${}_6$
• Cubic symmetry and magnetic frustration on the $fcc$ spin lattice in K${}_2$IrCl${}_6$
• Laser-Induced Transient Magnons in Sr3Ir2O7 Throughout the Brillouin Zone
• The Jeff=1/2 antiferromagnet Sr2IrO4: A golden avenue toward new physics and functions
• Modified Curie-Weiss Law for $j_{\mathrm{eff}}$ Magnets
• Novel spin-orbit coupling driven emergent states in iridate-based heterostructures
• Theory of a quantum spin liquid in hydrogen-intercalated honeycomb iridate, H3LiIr2O6
• Quantum liquid from strange frustration in the trimer magnet Ba4Ir3O10
• Persistent Insulator: Avoidance of Metallization at Megabar Pressures in Strongly Spin-Orbit-Coupled Sr2IrO4
• Atomic-scale fragmentation and collapse of antiferromagnetic order in a doped Mott insulator
• Correlated Quantum Phenomena of Spin-Orbit Coupled Perovskite Oxide Heterostructures: Cases of SrRuO3 and SrIrO3-Based Artificial Superlattices
• First-order structural transition and pressure-induced lattice/phonon anomalies in Sr${}_2$IrO${}_4$
• Anomalous lattice contraction and emergent electronic phases in Bi-doped Eu${}_2$Ir${}_2$O${}_7$
• Antiferromagnetic Excitonic Insulator State in Sr3Ir2O7
• Direct detection of dimer orbitals in Ba${}_5$AlIr${}_2$O${}_{11}$
• Bond Directional Anapole Order in a Spin-Orbit Coupled Mott Insulator Sr${}_2$(Ir${}_{1-x}$Rh${}_x$)O${}_4$
• The origin of magnetism in a supposedly nonmagnetic osmium oxide
• Toward cubic symmetry for Ir${}^{4+}$: structure and magnetism of antifluorite K${}_2$IrBr${}_6$
• Electronic structure, magnetic properties, spin orientation, and doping effect in Mn${}_3$Si${}_2$Te${}_6$
• Lattice frustration in spin-orbit Mott insulator Sr3Ir2O7 at high pressure
• Exotic Magnetism and Spin-Orbit Assisted Mott Insulating State in a $3d-5d$ Double Perovskite
• Spin-orbit effects in pentavalent Iridates: Models and materials
• Comprehensive Control of Metamagnetic Transition of Antiferromagnetic Mott Insulator Sr2IrO4 by in-situ Anisotropic Strain
• Anomalous Magnetoresistance due to Longitudinal Spin Fluctuations in a Jeff = 1/2 Mott Semiconductor
• Spin-Orbital Entangled Excitonic Insulators in $(t_{2g}{)}^4$ Correlated Electron Systems
• Spin-orbit coupling driven insulating state in hexagonal iridates Sr3MIrO6 (M = Sr, Na and Li)
• BCS-BEC crossover in a $(t_{2g}{)}^4$ Excitonic Magnet
• Quasimolecular electronic structure of the spin-liquid candidate Ba${}_3$InIr${}_2$O${}_9$
• Imaging antiferromagnetic domain fluctuations and the effect of atomic-scale disorder in a doped spin-orbit Mott insulator
• Antiferromagnetic resonance in the cubic iridium hexahalides (NH${}_4$)${}_2$IrCl${}_6$ and K${}_2$IrCl${}_6$
• Hidden Charge Order in an Iron Oxide Square-Lattice Compound
• Quest for New Quantum States via Field-Editing Technology
• Interface induced exchange bias effect in La${}_{0.67}$Sr${}_{0.33}$MnO${}_3$/SrIrO${}_3$ multilayer
• Diffuse Scattering from Correlated Electron Systems
• Odd-Parity Superconductivity Driven by Octahedra Rotations in Iridium Oxides
• Structural and Magnetic Transitions in the Planar Antiferromagnet Ba${}_4$Ir${}_3$O${}_{10}$
• Spin mixing conductance and spin magnetoresistance of iridate/manganite interface
• RIXS interferometry and the role of disorder in the quantum magnet Ba${}_3$Ti${}_{3-x}$Ir${}_x$O${}_9$
• Pseudospin-lattice coupling and electric control of the square-lattice iridate Sr2IrO4
• Isostructural Metal-Insulator Transition Driven by Dimensional-Crossover in SrIrO3 Heterostructures
• Controllable emergent spatial spin modulation in Sr2IrO4 by in situ shear strain
• Isospin-phonon coupling and Fano-interference in spin-orbit Mott insulator Sr2IrO4
• Soft and anisotropic local moments in 4$d$ and 5$d$ mixed-valence M${}_2$O${}_9$ dimers
• Electronic excitations in $5d^4$ J=0 Os${}^{4+}$ halides studied by RIXS and optical spectroscopy
• Spinons and damped phonons in spin-1/2 quantum-liquid Ba${}_4$Ir${}_3$O${}_{10}$ observed by Raman scattering
• Strain tuned magnetotransport of Jeff=1/2 antiferromagnetic Sr2IrO4 thin films
• Magnetization dynamics fingerprints of an excitonic condensate $t_{2g}^4$ magnet
• Exciton condensation in bilayer spin-orbit insulator
• Strain-dependent Insulating State and Kondo Effect in Epitaxial SrIrO${}_3$ Films
• Momentum-resolved lattice dynamics of parent and electron-doped Sr${}_2$IrO${}_4$
• Magnetism and electrical transport in Y-doped layered iridate Sr${}_2$IrO${}_4$
• Influence of multiplet structure on photoemission spectra of spin-orbit driven Mott insulators: application to $\mathbf{S}{\mathbf{r}}_2\mathbf{Ir}{\mathbf{O}}_4$
• On the electronic ground state of two non-magnetic pentavalent honeycomb iridates
• Flux growth of Sr(n+1)Ir(n)O(3n+1) [n=1, 2, infinity] crystals
• Spin-orbit excitons and electronic configuration of the $5d^4$ insulator Sr${}_3$Ir${}_2$O${}_7$F${}_2$
• Strain-induced superconductivity in Sr2IrO4
• Novel Block Excitonic Condensate at $n=3.5$ in a Spin-Orbit Coupled $t_{2g}$ Multiorbital Hubbard Model
• $J_{eff}$ states in a quasi one dimensional antiferromagnetic spin chain hexagonal Iridates Sr${}_3$MIrO${}_6$ (M=Mg, Zn, Cd): an $ab-initio$ comparative perspective
• Role of disorder in the electronic and magnetic properties of Ag${}_3$LiIr${}_2$O${}_6$
• Quasi-2D anomalous Hall Mott insulator of topologically engineered Jeff =1/2 electrons
• Anisotropic Lattice Compression and Pressure-Induced Electronic Phase Transitions in Sr${}_2$IrO${}_4$
• Electronic structure of Fe and magnetism in the $3d/5d$ double perovskites Ca${}_2$FeReO${}_6$ and Ba${}_2$FeReO${}_6$
• Pressure-induced transition from Jeff=1/2 to S=1/2 states in CuAl2O4
• Ferromagnetic Negative Charge-Transfer Insulator: from Theoretical Proposal to Material Realization
• Spectral Density Modulation and Universal Markovian Closure of Fermionic Environments
• Epitaxial stabilization of Sr3Ir2O7 thin films
• Modeling multiorbital effects in Sr2IrO4 under strain and a Zeeman field
• Double exchange, itinerant ferromagnetism and topological Hall effect in moiré heterobilayer
• Possible superconductivity induced by a large spin-orbit coupling in carrier doped iridium oxide insulators: A weak coupling approach
• Tuning the structural, electronic and magneto-transport properties of spin-orbit Mott insulator Sr2IrO4
• Doping Dependence of Spin-Momentum Locking in Bismuth-Based High-Temperature Cuprate Superconductors
• Coupled spin-orbital fluctuations in a three orbital model for $4d$ and $5d$ oxides with electron fillings $n=3,4,5$ -- Application to $\mathrm{NaOs}{\mathrm{O}}_3$, $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{a}}_2\mathrm{Ru}{\mathrm{O}}_4$, and $\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{r}}_2\mathrm{Ir}{\mathrm{O}}_4$
• Ground state and magnetic transitions of the orthorhombic antiferromagnet CaCo${}_2$TeO${}_6$
• Evolution of electronic and magnetic properties of Sr${}_2$IrO${}_4$ under strain
• The ground state in a proximity to a possible Kitaev spin liquid: An undistorted honeycomb iridate NaxIrO3 (0.60 < x < 0.80)
• Momentum space imaging of locally noncentrosymmetric superconductors
• A Novel ground state in a new dimer iridate Ba13Ir6O30 with Ir6+(5d3) Ions
• Epitaxial growth and antiferromagnetism of Sn-substituted perovskite iridate SrIr${}_{0.8}$Sn${}_{0.2}$O${}_3$
• J = 0 nonmagnetic insulating state in K${}_2$Os$X_6$ (X = F, Cl and Br)
• The rich phase diagram of the prototypical iridate Ba${}_2$IrO${}_4$: Effective low-energy models and metal-insulator transition
• Enhanced magnetism and suppressed magnetoelastic coupling induced by electron doping in Ca${}_{1-x}$Y${}_x$MnReO${}_6$
• Collective mode excitations and simulated $L$-edge resonant-inelastic x-ray scattering spectra in antiferromagnetic Ca${}_2$RuO${}_4$
• Structural origin of the Jeff=1/2 antiferromagnetic phase in Ga-doped Sr2IrO4
• Extraordinary magnetic response of an anisotropic 2D antiferromagnet via site-dilution
• Novel electronic state of honeycomb iridate Cu${}_2$IrO${}_3$ at high pressure
• Anomalous Nodal Gap in a Doped Spin-1/2 Antiferromagnetic Mott Insulator
• In-gap states and strain-tuned band convergence in layered structure trivalent iridate K0.75Na0.25IrO2
• Correlated Dirac semimetal states in nonsymmorphic MIrO${}_3$ (M=Sr, Ba and Ca)
• BCS-BEC Crossover of Triplet Exciton Condensation in Bilayer Systems
• Orbital-Selective Spin-Orbit Mott Insulator in Fractional Valence Iridate La${}_3$Ir${}_3$O${}_{11}$
• Magnetic excitations in the Kitaev material Na${}_2$IrO${}_3$ studied by neutron scattering
• Phase coexistence and negative thermal expansion in the triple perovskite iridate Ba${}_3$CoIr${}_2$O${}_9$
• Electronic and magnetic ground state of 4$d^3$ double perovskite ruthenates A${}_2$LaRuO${}_6$ (A $=$ Ca, Sr, Ba)