ARC: An open-source library for calculating properties of alkali Rydberg atoms

Abstract

We present an object-oriented Python library for computation of properties of highly-excited Rydberg states of alkali atoms. These include single-body effects such as dipole matrix elements, excited-state lifetimes (radiative and black-body limited) and Stark maps of atoms in external electric fields, as well as two-atom interaction potentials accounting for dipole and quadrupole coupling effects valid at both long and short range for arbitrary placement of the atomic dipoles. The package is cross-referenced to precise measurements of atomic energy levels and features extensive documentation to facilitate rapid upgrade or expansion by users. This library has direct application in the field of quantum information and quantum optics which exploit the strong Rydberg dipolar interactions for two-qubit gates, robust atom-light interfaces and simulating quantum many-body physics, as well as the field of metrology using Rydberg atoms as precise microwave electrometers.

15 pages, 7 figures, code and documentation available online (see Ref. [18] and Ref. [21] for more details)

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Cited by in corpus (201)

• Many-Body Physics with Individually-Controlled Rydberg Atoms
• Rydberg atom quantum technologies
• Quantum simulation and computing with Rydberg-interacting qubits
• Waveguide-coupled Rydberg spectrum analyzer from 0 to 20 GHz
• A concise review of Rydberg atom based quantum computation and quantum simulation
• Assessment of Rydberg Atoms for Wideband Electric Field Sensing
• Quantum-Limited Atomic Receiver in the Electrically Small Regime
• Enhanced metrology at the critical point of a many-body Rydberg atomic system
• The credibility of Rydberg atom based digital communication over a continuously tunable radio-frequency carrier
• Three-dimensional trapping of individual Rydberg atoms in ponderomotive bottle beam traps
• Ultra-high-speed Terahertz Imaging Using Atomic Vapour
• Transverse-Field Ising Dynamics in a Rydberg-Dressed Atomic Gas
• One decade of quantum optimal control in the chopped random basis
• Ultrafast energy exchange between two single Rydberg atoms on the nanosecond timescale
• Deep learning enhanced Rydberg multifrequency microwave recognition
• Continuous-frequency weak electric field measurement with Rydberg atoms
• Highly sensitive measurement of a megahertz rf electric field with a Rydberg-atom sensor
• ARC 3.0: An expanded Python toolbox for atomic physics calculations
• High efficiency coherent microwave-to-optics conversion via off-resonant scattering
• 'Free-Space' Photonic Quantum Link and Chiral Quantum Optics
• Quantum logic and entanglement by neutral Rydberg atoms: methods and fidelity
• Glassy dynamics in a disordered Heisenberg quantum spin system
• Quantum gas microscopy of Rydberg macrodimers
• Accurate mapping of multilevel Rydberg atoms on interacting spin-$1/2$ particles for the quantum simulation of Ising models
• On-demand indistinguishable single photons from an efficient and pure source based on a Rydberg ensemble
• Spin Squeezing by Rydberg Dressing in an Array of Atomic Ensembles
• ElecSus: Extension to arbitrary geometry magneto-optics
• Asymmetric blockade and multi-qubit gates via dipole-dipole interactions
• Demonstration of a Quantum Gate using Electromagnetically Induced Transparency
• Rydberg superatoms: An artificial quantum system for quantum information processing and quantum optics
• Solving correlation clustering with QAOA and a Rydberg qudit system: a full-stack approach
• Monitoring Quantum Simulators via Quantum Non-Demolition Couplings to Atomic Clock Qubits
• Emergence of synchronisation in a driven-dissipative hot Rydberg vapor
• Fast, Accurate, and Realizable Two-Qubit Entangling Gates by Quantum Interference in Detuned Rabi Cycles of Rydberg Atoms
• The interplay between thermal Rydberg gases and plasmas
• Enriching the quantum toolbox of ultracold molecules with Rydberg atoms
• Quantum Feature Maps for Graph Machine Learning on a Neutral Atom Quantum Processor
• Observation of Interactions between Trapped Ions and Ultracold Rydberg Atoms
• Optimal State Choice for Rydberg Atom Microwave Sensors
• Construction of Fractal Order and Phase Transition with Rydberg Atoms
• Sensitivity Comparison of Two-photon vs Three-photon Rydberg Electrometry
• Observation of Rydberg blockade due to the charge-dipole interaction between an atom and a polar molecule
• The Robustness of a Collectively Encoded Rydberg Qubit
• Modeling Line Broadening and Distortion Due to Spatially Non-Uniform Fields in Rydberg Electrometry
• Number Partitioning with Grover's Algorithm in Central Spin Systems
• Single temporal-pulse-modulated parameterized controlled-phase gate for Rydberg atoms
• Very-high- and ultrahigh- frequency electric field detection using high angular momentum Rydberg states
• Ultrafast creation of overlapping Rydberg electrons in an atomic BEC and Mott-insulator lattice
• Measurement of the atom-surface van der Waals interaction by transmission spectroscopy in a wedged nano-cell
• Zeeman-resolved Autler-Townes splitting in Rydberg atoms with tunable resonances and a single transition dipole moment
• High-Sensitive Microwave Electrometry with Enhanced Instantaneous Bandwidth
• Rydberg excitation of cold atoms inside a hollow core fiber
• Satellite radio detection via dual-microwave Rydberg spectroscopy
• Black-body radiation induced facilitated excitation of Rydberg atoms in optical tweezers
• Dipole-dipole interaction driven antiblockade of two Rydberg atoms
• High-rate quantum LDPC codes for long-range-connected neutral atom registers
• Rydberg Aggregates
• RydIQule: A Graph-based Paradigm for Modelling Rydberg and Atomic Systems
• Precision measurement of the ionization energy and quantum defects of 39K I
• Coherent ground-state transport of neutral atoms
• Single-Photon Rydberg Excitation and Trap-Loss Spectroscopy of Cold Cesium Atoms in a Magneto-Optical Trap by Using of a 319-nm Ultra-Violet Laser System
• Measurements of individual and ensemble lifetimes of high-lying Rb Rydberg states
• Simultaneous multi-band radio-frequency detection using high-orbital-angular-momentum states in a Rydberg-atom receiver
• Ion Imaging via Long-Range Interaction with Rydberg Atoms
• Epidemic growth and Griffiths effects on an emergent network of excited atoms
• Demonstration of weighted graph optimization on a Rydberg atom array using local light-shifts
• Ultrafast Many-Body Dynamics in an Ultracold Rydberg-Excited Atomic Mott Insulator
• Collimated UV light generation by two-photon excitation to a Rydberg state in Rb vapor
• A practical guide to Terahertz imaging using thermal atomic vapour
• High-Fidelity, Low-Loss State Detection of Alkali-Metal Atoms in Optical Tweezer Traps
• Quantum Optics with Rydberg Superatoms
• Real-time detection of Rydberg state dynamics of cold atoms using an optical cavity
• Primary quantum thermometry of mm-wave blackbody radiation via induced state transfer in Rydberg states of cold atoms
• Assembled arrays of Rydberg-interacting atoms
• Rydberg-atom-based single-photon detection for haloscope axion searches
• Transition Slow-Down by Rydberg Interaction of Neutral Atoms and a Fast Controlled-NOT Quantum Gate
• Solving optimization problems with local light shift encoding on Rydberg quantum annealers
• Uncovering Emergent Spacetime Supersymmetry with Rydberg Atom Arrays
• Investigation of fluorescence versus transmission readout for three-photon Rydberg excitation used in electrometry
• An isotropic antenna based on Rydberg atoms
• Proposal for simulating quantum spin models with the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction using Rydberg atoms and the construction of asymptotic quantum many-body scar states
• Quantum Phases from Competing Van der Waals and Dipole-Dipole Interactions of Rydberg Atoms
• Strong Spin-Motion Coupling in the Ultrafast Dynamics of Rydberg Atoms
• Detection of HF and VHF Fields through Floquet Sideband Gaps by `Rabi Matching' Dressed Rydberg Atoms
• Microscopic electronic structure tomography of Rydberg macrodimers
• Intra-Cavity Frequency-Doubled VECSEL System for Narrow Linewidth Rydberg EIT Spectroscopy
• Entangling quantum logic gates in neutral atoms via the microwave-driven spin-flip blockade
• Confined Meson Excitations in Rydberg-Atom Arrays Coupled to a Cavity Field
• Measurements of blackbody radiation-induced transition rates between high-lying S, P and D Rydberg levels
• Quantum simulation of the central spin model with a Rydberg atom and polar molecules in optical tweezers
• Fast measurements and multiqubit gates in dual species atomic arrays
• Controlling Stray Electric Fields on an Atom Chip for Rydberg Experiments
• From coherent collective excitation to Rydberg blockade on an atom chip
• Transient Density-Induced Dipolar Interactions in a Thin Vapor Cell
• Interspecies Förster resonances of Rb-Cs Rydberg $d$-states for enhanced multi-qubit gate fidelities
• Continuous broadband Rydberg receiver using AC Stark shifts and Floquet States
• Optically-biased Rydberg microwave receiver enabled by hybrid nonlinear interferometry
• Dissipative quantum state preparation and metastability in two-photon micromasers
• Rydberg Macrodimers: Diatomic molecules on the micrometer scale
• Low-drift Zeeman shifted atomic frequency reference
• Precision millimetre-wave spectroscopy and calculation of the Stark manifolds in high Rydberg states of para-H${}_2$
• Avalanche terahertz photon detection in a Rydberg tweezer array
• Towards implementation of a magic optical-dipole trap for confining ground-state and Rydberg-state cesium cold atoms
• Rydberg atom-enabled spectroscopy of polar molecules via Förster resonance energy transfer
• Parallel implementation of CNOT${}^N$ and C${}_2$NOT${}^2$ gates via homonuclear and heteronuclear Förster interactions of Rydberg atoms
• Reducing Rydberg state dc polarizability by microwave dressing
• A Rydberg atom based system for benchmarking mmWave automotive radar chips
• EIT spectroscopy of high-lying Rydberg states in ${}^{39}K$
• Individual assembly of two-species Rydberg molecules using optical tweezers
• Controlled dissipation for Rydberg atom experiments
• Rapid readout of terahertz orbital angular momentum beams using atom-based imaging
• Inverse Transform Sampling for Efficient Doppler-Averaged Spectroscopy Simulations
• Experimental demonstration of switching entangled photons based on the Rydberg blockade effect
• Determining angle of arrival of radio frequency fields using subwavelength, amplitude-only measurements of standing waves in a Rydberg atom sensor
• Ultra precise determination of Cs($n{S}_{1/2}$) and Cs($n{D}_J$) quantum defects for sensing and computing: Evaluation of core contributions
• High angular momentum coupling for enhanced Rydberg-atom sensing in the VHF band
• Observation of effects due to an atom's electric quadrupole polarizability
• Floquet Hamiltonian Engineering of an Isolated Many-Body Spin System
• Experimental Demonstration of Stationary Dark-State Polaritons Dressed by Dipole-Dipole Interaction
• Bright and dark Autler-Townes states in the atomic Rydberg multilevel spectroscopy
• AC polarizability and photoionization cross-section measurements in an optical lattice
• Interplay between van der Waals and dipole-dipole interactions among Rydberg atoms
• Simulation of a feedback-based algorithm for quantum optimization for a realistic neutral atom system with an optimized small-angle controlled-phase gate
• Generation of complete graph states in a spin-$1/2$ Heisenberg chain with a globally optimized magnetic field
• Simulating Quantum Mechanics with a $\theta$-term and an 't Hooft Anomaly on a Synthetic Dimension
• Microwave-to-optical conversion in a room-temperature ${}^{87}$Rb vapor with frequency-division multiplexing control
• Realizing the Frenkel-Kontorova model with Rydberg-dressed atoms
• Efficient generation of multiqubit entanglement states using rapid adiabatic passage
• Transport on flexible Rydberg aggregates using circular states
• Fractional quantum anomalous Hall phase for Raman superarray of Rydberg atoms
• Topological photon pumping in quantum optical systems
• Continuously tunable single-photon level nonlinearity with Rydberg state wave-function engineering
• Pulsed-pump phosphorus-doped fiber Raman amplifier around 1260 nm for applications in quantum non-linear optics
• Implementing transferable annealing protocols for combinatorial optimisation on neutral atom quantum processors: a case study on smart-charging of electric vehicles
• Near-unity indistinguishability of single photons emitted from dissimilar and independent atomic quantum nodes
• Molecular machines for quantum error correction
• Electric-field metrology of a terahertz frequency comb using Rydberg atoms
• Rydberg level shift due to the electric field generated by Rydberg atom collision induced ionization in cesium atomic ensemble
• Quantum Optimization on Rydberg Atom Arrays with Arbitrary Connectivity: Gadgets Limitations and a Heuristic Approach
• Extended Bose-Hubbard models with Rydberg macrodimer dressing
• Maximally entangled Rydberg-atom pairs via Landau-Zener sweeps
• Strong zero-field Förster resonances in K-Rb Rydberg systems
• Multipolar Fermi-surface deformation in a Rydberg-dressed Fermi gas with long-range anisotropic interactions
• Rydberg atom arrays as quantum simulators for molecular dynamics
• Determination of Quantum Defects and Core Polarizability of Atomic Cesium via Terahertz and Radio-Frequency Spectroscopy in Thermal Vapor
• Strong coupling and active cooling in a finite temperature hybrid atom-cavity system
• Holonomic swap and controlled-swap gates of neutral atoms via selective Rydberg pumping
• Deep Learning for Low-Latency, Quantum-Ready RF Sensing
• Increasing decoherence rate of Rydberg polaritons due to accumulating dark Rydberg atoms
• Shock wave generation and propagation in dissipative and nonlocal nonlinear Rydberg media
• Microwave control of collective quantum jump statistics of a dissipative Rydberg gas
• Gauge effects in bound-bound Rydberg-transition matrix elements
• Simulation of chiral motion of excitation within the ground-state manifolds of neutral atoms
• Interaction-enhanced transmission imaging with Rydberg atoms
• Mitigating noise of residual electric fields for single Rydberg atoms with electron photodesorption
• Unravelling the Structures in the van der Waals Interactions of Alkali Rydberg Atoms
• Induced THz transitions in Rydberg caesium atoms for application in antihydrogen experiments
• Retardation effect and dark state in a waveguide QED setup with rectangle cross section
• Cooling neutral atoms into maximal entanglement in the Rydberg blockade regime
• Inertial geometric quantum logic gates
• Precision measurement of Cs($n{F}_J$) quantum defects and calculations of scalar and tensor polarizabilities of the $n{S}_{1/2}$, $n{P}_J$ ,$n{D}_J$ , and $n{F}_J$ series
• Doppler-free Rydberg Spectroscopy in Warm Vapor
• Engineering artificial atomic systems of giant electric dipole moment
• Autoionization-enhanced Rydberg dressing by fast contaminant removal
• Extended Rydberg Lifetimes in a Cryogenic Atom Array
• Doppler-Enhanced Quantum Magnetometry with thermal Rydberg atoms
• Imaging a chain of strongly correlated Rydberg excitations enabled by Förster-resonance-enhanced interaction
• Modulation transfer protocol for Rydberg RF receivers
• Generation of quantum phases of matter and finding a maximum-weight independent set of unit-disk graphs using Rydberg atoms
• Time-Optimal Two- and Three-Qubit Gates for Rydberg Atoms
• Autler-Townes spectroscopy of a Rydberg ladder
• Scalable Heteronuclear Architecture of Neutral Atoms Based on EIT
• Rydberg-atom manipulation through strong interaction with free electrons
• Sensitivity improvement of Rydberg atom-based microwave sensing via electromagnetically induced transparency
• Gravitational Wave Effects on Radio Spectral Lines of Atomic Hydrogen: Hyperfine Splitting and Broadening Mechanisms
• Detection of twisted radiowaves with Rydberg atoms
• EIT Spectroscopy of Rydberg Levels Dressed by Linearly Polarized RF fields: Complementary Angular Response for Two Types of Transition Ladders
• High-fidelity multiqubit Rydberg gates via two-photon adiabatic rapid passage
• Graph Coloring via Quantum Optimization on a Rydberg-Qudit Atom Array
• Three-level rate equations in cold, disordered Rydberg gases
• Static dc electric field orientation effects on two-photon Rydberg EIT
• Quantum science with arrays of metastable helium-3 atoms
• Continuous-wave quantum light control via engineered Rydberg-induced dephasing
• Atomic and molecular systems for radiation thermometry
• Role of mechanical effects on the excitation spectra of microwave-dressed Rydberg states in a cold atomic cloud
• The Stark effect in molecular Rydberg states: Calculation of Rydberg-Stark manifolds of H${}_2$ and D${}_2$ including fine and hyperfine structures
• Symmetric $C_Z$ gate for ultracold neutral atoms based on counterdiabatic driving at Rydberg excitation
• Quantum criticality and factorization in a constrained Rydberg spin chain
• A quantum wire approach to weighted combinatorial graph optimisation problems
• Quantifying the impact of state mixing on the Rydberg excitation blockade
• Quantum optimal control of the Dicke manifold in dipolar Rydberg atom arrays
• Spin-orbit-dependent lifetimes of long-range Rydberg molecules
• Ionization of Rydberg atoms embedded in Ultracold Plasma due to electron-atom interaction
• RydIQule Version 2: Enhancing graph-based modeling of Rydberg atoms
• Ultrafast many-body dynamics of dense Rydberg gases and ultracold plasma
• Distinct many-body scars and emergent quantum phases driven by competing interactions in two-species Rydberg arrays
• Background-free calibrated electric-field imaging with Rydberg-state fluorescence and Autler-Townes splitting
• Electric Field Sensing via Rydberg Electromagnetically Induced Transparency Using Zeeman and Stark Effects
• Rydberg atoms for electric field gradiometry
• An Intracavity Rydberg Superatom for Optical Quantum Engineering: Coherent Control, Single-Shot Detection and Optical $\pi$ Phase Shift
• Engineering the non-Hermitian Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model with skin effects in Rydberg atom arrays