Dissipative quantum state preparation and metastability in two-photon micromasers

Abstract

We study the preparation of coherent quantum states in a two-photon micromaser for applications in quantum metrology. While this setting can be in principle realized in a host of physical systems, we consider atoms interacting with the field of a cavity. We focus on the case of the interaction described by the Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian, which cannot be achieved by the conventional approach with three-level atoms coupled to the cavity field at two-photon resonance. We find that additional levels are required in order to cancel Stark shifts emerging in the leading order. Once this is accomplished, the dynamics of the cavity features a degenerate stationary state manifold of pure states. We derive the analytic form of these states and show that they include Schrödinger cat states with a tunable mean photon number. We also confirm these states can be useful in phase estimation protocols with their quantum Fisher information exceeding the standard limit. To account for realistic imperfections, we consider single-photon losses from the cavity, finite lifetime of atom levels, and higher order corrections in the far-detuned limit, which result in metastability of formerly stationary cavity states and long-time dynamics with a unique mixed stationary state. Despite being mixed, this stationary state can still feature quantum Fisher information above the standard limit. Our work delivers a comprehensive overview of the two-photon micromaser dynamics with particular focus on application in phase estimation and, while we consider the setup with atoms coupled to a cavity, the results can be directly translated to optomechanical systems.

Published version (21 pages, 11 figures)

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• Stationary State Degeneracy of Open Quantum Systems with Non-Abelian Symmetries
• Quantum memories for squeezed and coherent superpositions in a driven-dissipative nonlinear oscillator
• Crossover from the discontinuous to continuous phase transitions in dissipative spin system with collective decay
• Dissipative Preparation of Many-Body Spin Steady States Using Trapped Ultracold Atoms
• Separation of relaxation timescales via strong system-bath coupling: Dissipative three-level system as a case study
• Driven-Dissipative Dynamics of Ultracold Atoms Trapped in an Array of Harmonic Potentials
• Phonon trapping states as a witness for generation of phonon blockade in a hybrid micromaser system