Demonstration of a Quantum Gate using Electromagnetically Induced Transparency

Abstract

We demonstrate a native $\mathrm{CNOT}$ gate between two individually addressed neutral atoms based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). This protocol utilizes the strong long-range interactions of Rydberg states to enable conditional state transfer on the target qubit when operated in the blockade regime. An advantage of this scheme is it enables implementation of multi-qubit CNOT${}^k$ gates using a pulse sequence independent of qubit number, providing a simple gate for efficient implementation of digital quantum algorithms and stabiliser measurements for quantum error correction. We achieve a loss corrected gate fidelity of ${\mathcal{F}}_{\mathrm{CNOT}}^{\mathrm{cor}}=0.82(6)$, and prepare an entangled Bell state with ${\mathcal{F}}_{\mathrm{Bell}}^{\mathrm{cor}}=0.66(5)$, limited at present by laser power. We present a number of technical improvements to advance this to a level required for fault-tolerant scaling.

6 pages, 5 figures plus Supplementary Material

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• Reservoir-based deterministic loading of single-atom tweezer arrays
• Extended two-body Rydberg blockade interaction with off-resonant modulated driving
• Interspecies Förster resonances of Rb-Cs Rydberg $d$-states for enhanced multi-qubit gate fidelities
• Parallel implementation of CNOT${}^N$ and C${}_2$NOT${}^2$ gates via homonuclear and heteronuclear Förster interactions of Rydberg atoms
• High-fidelity and robust controlled-Z gates implemented with Rydberg atoms via echoing rapid adiabatic passage
• Towards Variational Quantum Algorithms for generalized linear and nonlinear transport phenomena
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• Fast nuclear-spin gates and electrons-nuclei entanglement of neutral atoms in weak magnetic fields
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• Controlled-NOT gate based on the Rydberg states of surface electrons
• Optimized readout strategies for neutral atom quantum processors
• Fast entangling quantum gates with almost-resonant modulated driving
• Barium-based Rydberg atom quantum technologies with long Rydberg coherence
• Multiqubit Rydberg Gates for Quantum Error Correction
• Continuous-wave quantum light control via engineered Rydberg-induced dephasing
• Scalable Heteronuclear Architecture of Neutral Atoms Based on EIT
• Continuous-wave all-optical single-photon transistor based on a Rydberg-atom ensemble