Very-high- and ultrahigh- frequency electric field detection using high angular momentum Rydberg states

Abstract

We demonstrate resonant detection of rf electric fields from 240 MHz to 900 MHz (very-high-frequency (VHF) to ultra-high-frequency (UHF)) using electromagnetically induced transparency to measure orbital angular momentum $L=3\to L^{\prime }=4$ Rydberg transitions. These Rydberg states are accessible with three-photon infrared optical excitation. By resonantly detecting rf in the electrically small regime, these states enable a new class of atomic receivers. We find good agreement between measured spectra and predictions of quantum defect theory for principal quantum numbers $n=45$ to $70$. Using a super-hetrodyne detection setup, we measure the noise floor at $n=50$ to be $13\mu V/m/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$. Additionally, we utilize data and a numerical model incorporating a five-level master equation solution to estimate the fundamental sensitivity limits of our system.

8 pages, 5 figures, copy edited

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• A warm Rydberg atom-based quadrature amplitude-modulated receiver
• Optically-biased Rydberg microwave receiver enabled by hybrid nonlinear interferometry
• High angular momentum coupling for enhanced Rydberg-atom sensing in the VHF band
• Effects of inert background gases and photo-illumination on three-color electromagnetically induced transparency of rubidium vapor
• Hyperfine structure and collisions in three-photon Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency
• Modulation transfer protocol for Rydberg RF receivers
• Engineering artificial atomic systems of giant electric dipole moment
• EIT Spectroscopy of Rydberg Levels Dressed by Linearly Polarized RF fields: Complementary Angular Response for Two Types of Transition Ladders