The AstraLux Multiplicity Survey: Extension to Late M-dwarfs

Abstract

The distribution of multiplicity among low-mass stars is a key issue to understanding the formation of stars and brown dwarfs, and recent surveys have yielded large enough samples of nearby low-mass stars to study this issue statistically to good accuracy. Previously, we have presented a multiplicity study of ~700 early/mid M-type stars observed with the AstraLux high-resolution Lucky Imaging cameras. Here, we extend the study of multiplicity in M-type stars through studying 286 nearby mid/late M-type stars, bridging the gap between our previous study and multiplicity studies of brown dwarfs. Most of the targets have been observed more than once, allowing us to assess common proper motion to confirm companionship. We detect 68 confirmed or probable companions in 66 systems, of which 41 were previously undiscovered. Detections are made down to the resolution limit of ~100 mas of the instrument. The raw multiplicity in the AstraLux sensitivity range is 17.9%, leading to a total multiplicity fraction of 21-27% depending on the mass ratio distribution, which is consistent with being flat down to mass ratios of ~0.4, but cannot be stringently constrained below this value. The semi-major axis distribution is well represented by a log-normal function with mu_a = 0.78 and sigma_a = 0.47, which is narrower and peaked at smaller separations than for a Sun-like sample. This is consistent with a steady decrease in average semi-major axis from the highest-mass binary stars to the brown dwarf binaries.

arXiv comment28 pages, 7 figures, ApJ accepted. V2: Minor corrections; reformulated G91 parallax reference (thanks to J. Winters) and corrected one line in table 3

References in corpus (72)

• Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction
• A Survey of Stellar Families: Multiplicity of Solar-Type Stars
• Evolutionary models for cool brown dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets. The case of HD 20945
• A Non-Gray Theory of Extrasolar Giant Planets and Brown Dwarfs
• Stellar Multiplicity
• The Limiting Effects of Dust in Brown Dwarf Model Atmospheres
• The Evolution of L and T Dwarfs in Color-Magnitude Diagrams
• The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XXXI. The M-dwarf sample
• Stellar, brown dwarf and multiple star properties from a radiation hydrodynamical simulation of star cluster formation
• The Solar Neighborhood XVII: Parallax Results from the CTIOPI 0.9m Program -- Twenty New Members of the RECONS 10 Parsec Sample
• Rotation and Activity in Mid-M to L Dwarfs
• The NextGen Model Atmosphere grid: II. Spherically symmetric model atmospheres for giant stars with effective temperatures between 3000 and 6800~K
• Bayesian analysis to identify new star candidates in nearby young stellar kinematic groups
• The Gemini Deep Planet Survey -- GDPS
• The Brown Dwarf Kinematics Project (BDKP) I. Proper Motions and Tangential Velocities for a Large Sample of Late-type M, L and T Dwarfs
• An All-Sky Catalog of Bright M Dwarfs
• A lithium depletion boundary age of 21 Myr for the Beta Pictoris moving group
• The AstraLux Large M-dwarf Multiplicity Survey
• Identifying the Young Low-mass Stars within 25 pc. I. Spectroscopic Observations
• Prospecting in late-type dwarfs: a calibration of infrared and visible spectroscopic metallicities of late-K and M dwarfs spanning 1.5 dex
• Meeting the Cool Neighbors VIII: A preliminary 20-parsec census from the NLTT catalogue
• Identifying the young low-mass stars within 25 pc. II. Distances, kinematics and group membership
• The Spitzer c2d Survey of Nearby Dense Cores: II: Discovery of a Low Luminosity Object in the "Evolved Starless Core" L1521F
• The Age of AB Dor
• Binarity of Transit Host Stars - Implications on Planetary Parameters
• Limits on the primordial stellar multiplicity
• Stellar companions to exoplanet host stars: Lucky Imaging of transiting planet hosts
• The Solar Neighborhood. XXXIII. Parallax Results from the CTIOPI 0.9m Program: Trigonometric Parallaxes of Nearby Low-Mass Active and Young Systems
• High-contrast Imaging Search for Planets and Brown Dwarfs around the Most Massive Stars in the Solar Neighborhood
• Lucky Imaging survey for southern M dwarf binaries
• New neighbours. III. 21 new companions to nearby dwarfs, discovered with adaptive optics
• Studying the Physical Diversity of Late-M Dwarfs with Dynamical Masses
• Hubble Space Telescope Evidence for an Intermediate-Mass Black Hole in the Globular Cluster M15: I. STIS Spectroscopy and WFPC2 Photometry
• Meeting the Cool Neighbors X: Ultracool dwarfs from the 2MASS All-Sky Data Release
• Trigonometric Parallaxes for 1,507 Nearby Mid-to-Late M-dwarfs
• The Disk Fractions of Brown Dwarfs in IC 348 and Chamaeleon I
• GJ 3236: a new bright, very low-mass eclipsing binary system discovered by the MEarth observatory
• A discontinuity in the low-mass initial mass function
• Identification of selected sources from the ROSAT Galactic Plane Survey - I
• Meeting the Cool Neighbors VII: Spectroscopy of faint, red NLTT dwarfs
• Deficit of wide binaries in the eta Chamaeleontis young cluster
• The Universality of the Companion Mass Ratio Distribution
• The Solar Neighborhood. XXII. Parallax Results from the CTIOPI 0.9m Program: Trigonometric Parallaxes of 64 Nearby Systems with 0\farcs5 $\le \mu \le$ 1\farcs0 yr${}^{-1}$ (SLOWMO sample)
• Dynamical population synthesis: Constructing the stellar single and binary contents of galactic field populations
• Search for nearby stars among proper motion stars selected by optical-to-infrared photometry III. Spectroscopic distances of 322 NLTT stars
• First Results from the CHEPS: Exoplanets and the Discovery of an Eccentric Brown Dwarf in the Desert
• Thirty New Low-Mass Spectroscopic Binaries
• New Neighbors: Parallaxes of 18 nearby stars selected from the LSPM-north catalog
• Discovery of 9 New Companions to Nearby Young M Stars with the Altair AO System
• Discovery of Five Very Low Mass Close Binaries, Resolved in the Visible with Lucky Imaging
• Likely Members of the Beta Pictoris and AB Doradus Moving Groups in the North
• The Na 8200 Angstrom Doublet as an Age Indicator in Low-Mass Stars
• Dynamical Mass of GJ 802B: a brown dwarf in a triple system
• Southern wide very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs in resolved binary and multiple systems
• X-Ray-Emitting Stars Identified from the ROSAT All-Sky Survey and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Orbits and Masses in the T Tauri System
• Five new very low mass binaries
• The LuckyCam Survey for Very Low Mass Binaries II: 13 new M4.5-M6.0 Binaries
• Masses of Astrometrically-Discovered and Imaged Binaries: G 78-28AB and GJ 231.1BC
• The Detection of Low Mass Companions in Hyades Cluster Spectroscopic Binary Stars
• Diffraction-limited CCD imaging with faint reference stars
• Improved age constraints for the AB Dor quadruple system - The binary nature of AB Dor B
• Interferometric Astrometry of the Low-mass Binary Gl 791.2 (= HU Del) Using Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensor 3: Parallax and Component Masses
• A Multiplicity Census of Intermediate-Mass Stars in Scorpius-Centaurus
• The Solar Neighborhood XXXI: Discovery of an Unusual Red+White Dwarf Binary at ~25 Parsecs via Astrometry and UV Imaging
• Binary mass ratios: system mass not primary mass
• A Spectroscopic Survey of a Sample of Active M Dwarfs
• Visual orbit of GJ 164 AB
• Direct imaging of the young spectroscopic binary HD 160934
• Astrometric Discovery of GJ 164B
• Characterization of the Benchmark Binary NLTT 33370
• The magnetically-active, low-mass, triple system WDS 19312+3607

Cited by in corpus (50)

• How to Constrain Your M Dwarf: measuring effective temperature, bolometric luminosity, mass, and radius
• How to Constrain Your M dwarf II: the mass-luminosity-metallicity relation from 0.075 to 0.70$M_{\odot }$
• The Solar Neighborhood XLV. The Stellar Multiplicity Rate of M Dwarfs Within 25 pc
• CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs. I. Low-resolution spectroscopy with CAFOS
• The binarity of the local white dwarf population
• The Solar Neighborhood XXXV: Distances to 1404 M Dwarf Systems Within 25 pc in the Southern Sky
• A giant exoplanet orbiting a very low-mass star challenges planet formation models
• CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs II. High-resolution imaging with FastCam
• K2 Rotation Periods for low-mass Hyads and the Implications for Gyrochronology
• OGLE-2012-BLG-0563Lb: a Saturn-mass Planet around an M Dwarf with the Mass Constrained by Subaru AO imaging
• cosmoabc: Likelihood-free inference via Population Monte Carlo Approximate Bayesian Computation
• SPIRou Input Catalogue: Global properties of 440 M dwarfs observed with ESPaDOnS at CFHT
• The Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. IV. A Comprehensive Parallax Survey of L0-T8 dwarfs with UKIRT
• A Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Survey of 886 Nearby M Dwarfs
• Characterizing the Brown Dwarf Formation Channels from the Initial Mass Function and Binary-star Dynamics
• Characterizing Undetected Stellar Companions with Combined Datasets
• The dynamical fate of planetary systems in young star clusters
• The Origin of the Stellar Mass Distribution and Multiplicity
• The Volume-Complete Sample of M Dwarfs with Masses 0.1 <= M/M_sol <= 0.3 within 15 Parsecs
• The Elusive Majority of Young Moving Groups. I. Young Binaries and Lithium-Rich Stars in the Solar Neighborhood
• Orbital Monitoring of the AstraLux Large M-dwarf Multiplicity Sample
• Calibration of the MEarth Photometric System: Optical Magnitudes and Photometric Metallicity Estimates for 1802 Nearby M-dwarfs
• Binaries among low-mass stars in nearby young moving groups
• The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs, Wolf 1069 b: Earth-mass planet in the habitable zone of a nearby, very low-mass star
• BEAST begins: Sample characteristics and survey performance of the B-star Exoplanet Abundance Study
• Speckle Interferometry of Red Dwarf Stars
• The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Two terrestrial planets orbiting G 264-012 and one terrestrial planet orbiting Gl 393
• LHS 1610A: A Nearby Mid-M Dwarf with a Companion That is Likely A Brown Dwarf
• High-speed imaging and wavefront sensing with an infrared avalanche photodiode array
• Yes, multi-periodic dwarfs in Upper Scorpius are binaries
• M-dwarf binaries as tracers of star and brown dwarf formation
• Using Close White Dwarf + M Dwarf Stellar Pairs to Constrain the Flare Rates in Close Stellar Binaries
• Planetary companions orbiting the M dwarfs GJ 724 and GJ 3988. A CARMENES and IRD collaboration
• Detecting New Visual Binaries in Gaia DR3 with Gaia and 2MASS Photometry I. New Candidate Binaries Within 200 pc of the Sun
• Stellar activity with LAMOST. III. Temporal variability pattern in Pleiades, Praesepe, and Hyades
• Updated orbital monitoring and dynamical masses for nearby M-dwarf binaries
• Radial velocity survey of spatially resolved young, low-mass binaries
• Spectral characterization of newly detected young substellar binaries with SINFONI
• Using binary statistics in Taurus-Auriga to distinguish between brown dwarf formation processes
• Dynamical masses of M-dwarf binaries in young moving groups: II - Toward empirical mass-luminosity isochrones
• Characterisation of close visual binaries from the AstraLux Large M Dwarf Survey
• Direct Imaging Explorations for Companions around Mid-Late M Stars from the Subaru/IRD Strategic Program
• Characterising Young Visual M-dwarf Binaries with Near-Infrared Integral Field Spectra
• One is the loneliest number: multiplicity in cool dwarfs
• Application of USNO-B1.0 towards selecting objects with displaced blue and red components
• Radio Emission from a Nearby M dwarf Binary
• Detection and characterisation of two VLM binaries: LP 1033-31 and LP 877-72
• Discovery of 34 low-mass comoving systems using NOIRLab Source Catalog DR2
• Constraints on the Spindown of Fully-Convective M Dwarfs Using Wide Field Binaries
• TOI-1201 b: A mini-Neptune transiting a bright and moderately young M dwarf