Interplay between ferromagnetism, surface states, and quantum corrections in a magnetically doped topological insulator

Abstract

The breaking of time-reversal symmetry by ferromagnetism is predicted to yield profound changes to the electronic surface states of a topological insulator. Here, we report on a concerted set of structural, magnetic, electrical and spectroscopic measurements of \MBS thin films wherein photoemission and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism studies have recently shown surface ferromagnetism in the temperature range 15 K $\le T\le 100$ K, accompanied by a suppressed density of surface states at the Dirac point. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy reveal an inhomogeneous distribution of Mn atoms, with a tendency to segregate towards the sample surface. Magnetometry and anisotropic magnetoresistance measurements are insensitive to the high temperature ferromagnetism seen in surface studies, revealing instead a low temperature ferromagnetic phase at $T\lesssim 5$ K. The absence of both a magneto-optical Kerr effect and anomalous Hall effect suggests that this low temperature ferromagnetism is unlikely to be a homogeneous bulk phase but likely originates in nanoscale near-surface regions of the bulk where magnetic atoms segregate during sample growth. Although the samples are not ideal, with both bulk and surface contributions to electron transport, we measure a magnetoconductance whose behavior is qualitatively consistent with predictions that the opening of a gap in the Dirac spectrum drives quantum corrections to the conductance in topological insulators from the symplectic to the orthogonal class.

To appear in Phys. Rev. B

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• Engineering the breaking of time-reversal symmetry in gate-tunable hybrid ferromagnet/topological insulator heterostructures
• Spin diffusion and magnetoresistance in ferromagnet/topological-insulator junctions
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• Low temperature saturation of phase coherence length in topological insulators
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• Small Fermi Surfaces and Strong Correlation Effects in Dirac Materials with Holography
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• Nanoscale $\beta$-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Depth Imaging of Topological Insulators
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• Influence of an anomalous temperature-dependence of the phase coherence length on the conductivity of magnetic topological insulators
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• New black holes with hyperscaling violation and transports of quantum critical points with magnetic impurity
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• Mean field theory for strongly coupled systems: Holographic approach
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• Antiferromagnetic order in a layered magnetic topological insulator MnBi${}_2$Se${}_4$ probed by resonant soft x-ray scattering
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• The magnetic effect on strongly correlated system with two currents near the QCP from holography
• Weak localization effect in topological insulator micro flakes grown on insulating ferrimagnet BaFe12O19