Present-day cosmic abundances. A comprehensive study of nearby early B-type stars and implications for stellar and Galactic evolution and interstellar dust models

Abstract

Aims. A sample of early B-type stars in OB associations and the field within the solar neighbourhood is studied comprehensively. Present-day abundances for the astrophysically most interesting chemical elements are derived. Methods. High-resolution and high-S/N spectra of early B-type stars are analysed in NLTE. Atmospheric parameters are derived from the simultaneous establishment of independent indicators, from multiple ionization equilibria and the hydrogen Balmer lines. Results. Teff is constrained to 1-2% and logg to less than 15% uncertainty. Absolute values for metal abundances are determined to better than 25% uncertainty. The synthetic spectra match the observations reliably over almost the entire visual spectral range. Conclusions. A present-day cosmic abundance standard is established. Our results i) resolve the discrepancy between a chemical homogeneous local gas-phase ISM and a chemically inhomogeneous young stellar component, ii) facilitate the amount of heavy elements locked up in the interstellar dust to be constrained precisely: carbonaceous dust is largely destroyed inside the Orion HII region, unlike the silicates, and that graphite is only a minority species in interstellar dust -, iii) show that the mixing of CNO-burning products in the course of massive star evolution follows tightly the predicted nuclear path, iv) provide reliable present-day reference points for anchoring Galactic chemical evolution models to observation, and v) imply that the Sun has migrated outwards from the inner Galactic disk over its lifetime from a birthplace at a distance around 5-6 kpc from the Galactic Centre; a cancellation of the effects of Galactic chemical evolution and abundance gradients leads to the similarity of solar and present-day cosmic abundances in the solar neighbourhood, with a telltaling signature of the Sun's origin left in the C/O ratio. (ABRIDGED)

20 pages, 11 figures, published in A&A. A complete version (57 pages, 17 figures) including online material can be downloaded from http://www.sternwarte.uni-erlangen.de/~nieva/8158.pdf

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• Calibrating chemical mixing induced by internal gravity waves based on hydrodynamical simulations; The chemical evolution of OB-type stars
• Two circumstellar nebulae discovered with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer and their massive central stars
• Mixing due to internal gravity waves can explain the CNO surface abundances of B-type detached eclipsing binaries and single stars
• The NLTE Analyses of Carbon Emission Lines in the Atmospheres of O and B type Stars
• Candidate exoplanet host HD131399A: a nascent Am star
• Addressing the [O III]/H\b{eta} Offset of Dwarf Galaxies in the RESOLVE Survey
• Constraining gas metal mixing strength in simulations using observations of the Milky Way's disc
• Runaway BN supergiant star HD 93840: Progenitor of an imminent core-collapse supernova above the Galactic plane
• Abundance analysis of stars hosting gas-rich debris disks
• The Puzzling Spectrum of HD 94509
• Assessing stellar yields in Galaxy chemical evolution: observational stellar abundance patterns
• Tracking Cluster Debris (TraCD)- I. Dissolution of clusters and searching the solar cradle
• NGC 663 as a laboratory for massive star evolution
• HD 93795: a late-B supergiant star with a square circumstellar nebula
• Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) VIII: CO Gap in AS 209--Gas Depletion or Chemical Processing?
• Quantitative spectroscopy of multiple OB stars: I. The quadruple system HD 37061 at the centre of Messier 43
• On the origin of the Hercules group: I. chemical signatures indicating the outer bar origin
• A Spectroscopic Study of Weak Metallic Emission Lines in a B3V Star iota Her
• Off-centre convective zones in mass accreting stellar models
• SDSS-V LVM: Resolving Physical Conditions in the Trifid Nebula
• Non-LTE analysis of the Si II lines in iota Her with various atomic data sets
• Kinematics and chemical abundances of the B star HD 28248
• [C I] and [C II] emission in the circumstellar envelope of IRC +10216 I. Observational data and NLTE modeling of the [C I] emission
• Spectroscopic abundance analyses of the 3He stars HD 185330 and 3 Cen A
• Helium Abundance of the Sun: A Spectroscopic Analysis
• Predicting interstellar radiation fields from chemical evolution models
• First large scale spatial and velocity patterns of local metal-rich stars in the Milky Way
• Non-stoichiometric amorphous magnesium-iron silicates in circumstellar dust shells. Dust growth in outflows from supergiants
• The Integral Field View of the Orion Nebula
• The EDIBLES survey. X. The 6196 Å diffuse interstellar band: Identification of side DIBs as an indication of a small carrier molecule
• Micro-turbulence across the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. Observational constrains for stars in the MW
• Abundant hydrocarbons in a buried galactic nucleus with signs of carbonaceous grain and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon processing
• Unveiling the Variability and Chemical Composition of AL Col
• Chemical abundances in Seyfert galaxies -- VII. Direct abundance determination of neon based on optical and infrared emission lines
• Attempting an accurate age estimate of the open cluster NGC 6633 using CoRoT and Gaia
• Dynamical orbital evolution scenarios of the wide-orbit eccentric planet HR 5183b
• Estimating the Atmospheric Parameters of Early-type Stars from the Chinese Space Station Telescope (CSST) Slitless Spectra Survey
• 3D elemental abundances of stars at formation across the histories of Milky Way-mass galaxies in the FIRE simulations
• HD 188101: A Spotted B Star with Abundance Anomalies
• Chemical fingerprints of binary mass transfer in massive stars
• Discovery of the $\lambda$ Bootis phenomenon in an early B-type star
• The symphony of pulsations and binarity among massive stars using HERMES spectroscopy and TESS photometry
• SDSS-V LVM: Verifying what, and where, the 'Galactic Center' Lobe is
• The SOL $\text{(Solar Origin and Life)}$ Project: Detailed characterization of candidates for the ZAMS and Subgiant stages