The X-ray luminous galaxy cluster population at 0.9<z<~1.6 as revealed by the XMM-Newton Distant Cluster Project

Abstract

We present the largest sample of spectroscopically confirmed X-ray luminous high-redshift galaxy clusters to date comprising 22 systems in the range 0.9<z<\sim1.6 as part of the XMM-Newton Distant Cluster Project (XDCP). All systems were initially selected as extended X-ray sources over 76.1 deg^2 of non-contiguous deep archival XMM-Newton coverage. We test and calibrate the most promising two-band redshift estimation techniques based on the R-z and z-H colors for efficient distant cluster identifications and find a good redshift accuracy performance of the z-H color out to at least z\sim1.5, while the redshift evolution of the R-z color leads to increasingly large uncertainties at z>\sim0.9. We present first details of two newly identified clusters, XDCP J0338.5+0029 at z=0.916 and XDCP J0027.2+1714 at z=0.959, and investigate the Xray properties of SpARCS J003550-431224 at z=1.335, which shows evidence for ongoing major merger activity along the line-of-sight. We provide X-ray properties and luminosity-based total mass estimates for the full sample, which has a median system mass of M200\simeq2\times10^14M\odot. In contrast to local clusters, the z>0.9 systems do mostly not harbor central dominant galaxies coincident with the X-ray centroid position, but rather exhibit significant BCG offsets from the X-ray center with a median value of about 50 kpc in projection and a smaller median luminosity gap to the second-ranked galaxy of \sim0.3mag. We estimate a fraction of cluster-associated NVSS 1.4GHz radio sources of about 30%, preferentially located within 1' from the X-ray center. The galaxy populations in z>\sim1.5 cluster environments show first evidence for drastic changes on the high-mass end of galaxies and signs for a gradual disappearance of a well-defined cluster red-sequence as strong star formation activity is observed in an increasing fraction of massive galaxies down to the densest core regions.

61 pages, 13 color figures, accepted for publication in New Journal of Physics for the focus issue on 'Galaxy Clusters'

References in corpus (91)

• Maps of Dust IR Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and CMBR Foregrounds
• A direct empirical proof of the existence of dark matter
• The hierarchical formation of the brightest cluster galaxies
• The u'g'r'i'z' Standard Star Network
• Chandra Cluster Cosmology Project III: Cosmological Parameter Constraints
• Dark matter halo concentrations in the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe year 5 cosmology
• Shocks and cold fronts in galaxy clusters
• Chandra Cluster Cosmology Project II: Samples and X-ray Data Reduction
• The 10 Meter South Pole Telescope
• Galaxy cluster X-ray luminosity scaling relations from a representative local sample (REXCESS)
• A New Method For Galaxy Cluster Detection I: The Algorithm
• The Northern ROSAT All-Sky (NORAS) Galaxy Cluster Survey I: X-ray Properties of Clusters Detected as Extended X-ray Sources
• RVSAO 2.0: Digital Redshifts and Radial Velocities
• The XMM-Newton Serendipitous Survey. V. The Second XMM-Newton Serendipitous Source Catalogue
• Distant Radio Galaxies and their Environments
• Planck Early Results VIII: The all-sky Early Sunyaev-Zeldovich cluster sample
• A Catalog of 200 Galaxy Clusters Serendipitously Detected in the ROSAT PSPC Pointed Observations
• The Red-Sequence Cluster Survey I: The Survey and Cluster Catalogs for Patches RCS0926+37 and RCS1327+29
• The ROSAT Deep Cluster Survey: the X-ray Luminosity Function out to z=0.8
• The nature and space density of fossil groups of galaxies
• On the prevalence of radio-loud AGN in brightest cluster galaxies: implications for AGN heating of cooling flows
• The XMM-Newton wide-field survey in the COSMOS field: VI. Statistical properties of clusters of galaxies
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Sunyaev Zel'dovich Selected Galaxy Clusters at 148 GHz in the 2008 Survey
• The Observed Growth of Massive Galaxy Clusters II: X-ray Scaling Relations
• Clusters of Galaxies in the First Half of the Universe from the IRAC Shallow Survey
• An SZ-selected sample of the most massive galaxy clusters in the 2500-square-degree South Pole Telescope survey
• Discovery of an X-ray-Luminous Galaxy Cluster at z=1.4
• Reversal of Fortune: Confirmation of an Increasing Star Formation-Density Relation in a Cluster at z=1.62
• The 400 square degrees ROSAT PSPC galaxy cluster survey: Catalog and statistical calibration
• MegaPipe: the MegaCam image stacking pipeline at the Canadian Astronomical Data Centre
• The VVDS data reduction pipeline: introducing VIPGI, the VIMOS Interactive Pipeline and Graphical Interface
• The XMM Cluster Survey: A Massive Galaxy Cluster at z=1.45
• CARS: the CFHTLS-Archive-Research Survey; I. Five-band multi-colour data from 37 sq. deg. CFHTLS-Wide observations
• The XMM Cluster Survey: Optical analysis methodology and the first data release
• AGN heating and ICM cooling in the HIFLUGCS sample of galaxy clusters
• Massive Halos in Millennium Gas Simulations: Multivariate Scaling Relations
• The XMM-LSS survey: the Class 1 cluster sample over the initial 5 square degrees and its cosmological modelling
• Spectroscopic Confirmation of Two Massive Red-Sequence-Selected Galaxy Clusters at z ~ 1.2 in the SpARCS-North Cluster Survey
• Spectroscopic Confirmation of a Massive Red-Sequence-Selected Galaxy Cluster at z = 1.34 in the SpARCS-South Cluster Survey
• An X-ray Selected Galaxy Cluster at z=1.26
• The VLA-VIRMOS Deep Field I. Radio observations probing the microJy source population
• LoCuSS: the connection between brightest cluster galaxy activity, gas cooling and dynamical disturbance of X-ray cluster cores
• The Red-sequence Cluster Survey-2 (RCS-2): survey details and photometric catalog construction
• An IR-Selected Galaxy Cluster at z=1.27
• Substructure of the galaxy clusters in the REXCESS sample: observed statistics and comparison to numerical simulations
• Multi-wavelength study of XMMU J2235.3-2557: the most massive galaxy cluster at z > 1
• The XMM Cluster Survey: Active Galactic Nuclei and Starburst Galaxies in XMMXCS J2215.9-1738 at z=1.46
• Chandra and XMM-Newton Observations of RDCS1252.9-2927, A Massive Cluster at z=1.24
• EZ: A Tool for Automatic Redshift Measurement
• Formation epochs, star formation histories and sizes of massive early-type galaxies in cluster and field environments at z=1.2: insights from the rest-frame UV
• Chandra Multi-wavelength Project (ChaMP). I. First X-ray Source Catalog
• Hubble Space Telescope Weak-lensing Study of the Galaxy Cluster XMMU J2235.3-2557 at z=1.4: A Surprisingly Massive Galaxy Cluster when the Universe is One-third of its Current Age
• The XMM Large Scale Structure survey: The X-ray pipeline and survey selection function
• The Las Campanas Distant Cluster Survey - The Catalog
• Radio Sources in Galaxy Clusters: Radial Distribution, and 1.4 GHz and K-band Bivariate Luminosity Function
• Entropy scaling in galaxy clusters: insights from an XMM-Newton observation of the poor cluster A1983
• Cluster galaxies in XMMU J2235-2557: galaxy population properties in most massive environments at z~1.4
• The XMM Cluster Survey: Galaxy Morphologies and the Color-Magnitude Relation in XMMXCS J2215.9-1738 at z=1.46
• LoCuSS: Connecting the Dominance and Shape of Brightest Cluster Galaxies with the Assembly History of Massive Clusters
• High star formation activity in the central region of a distant cluster at z=1.46
• The X-ray luminous galaxy cluster XMMU J1007.4+1237 at z=1.56 - The dawn of starburst activity in cluster cores
• PEGASE: a UV to NIR spectral evolution model of galaxies - Application to the calibration of bright galaxy counts
• The XMM Cluster Survey: X-ray analysis methodology
• Spectroscopic Confirmation of Three Red-Sequence Selected Galaxy Clusters at z=0.87, 1.16 and 1.21 from the SpARCS Survey
• An Intensive HST Survey for z>1 Supernovae by Targeting Galaxy Clusters
• Discovery of a massive X-ray luminous galaxy cluster at z=1.579
• An X-ray Selected Galaxy Cluster at z=1.11 in the Rosat Deep Cluster Survey
• The XMM-LSS survey: optical assessment and properties of different X-ray selected cluster classes
• VLT and ACS observations of RDCS J1252.9-2927: dynamical structure and galaxy populations in a massive cluster at z=1.237
• The evolution of galaxy cluster X-ray scaling relations
• The XMM Cluster Survey: The Dynamical State of XMMXCS J2215.9-1738 at z=1.457
• Galaxy cluster searches by photometric redshifts in the CFHTLS
• Brightest Cluster Galaxies and Core Gas Density in REXCESS Clusters
• The WIRCAM Deep Infrared Cluster Survey I: Groups and Clusters at z > 1.1
• Batch discovery of nine z~1 clusters using x-ray and K or R,z' images
• A Multiband Study of the Galaxy Populations of the First Four Sunyaev--Zeldovich Effect selected Galaxy Clusters
• Testing the galaxy cluster mass-observable relations at z = 1 with XMM-Newton and Chandra observations of XLSSJ022403.9-041328
• The Massive Galaxy Cluster XMMU J1230.3+1339 at z ~ 1: Colour-magnitude relation, Butcher-Oemler effect, X-ray and weak lensing mass estimates
• Multi-wavelength observations of a rich galaxy cluster at z ~ 1: the HST/ACS colour-magnitude diagram
• A pan-chromatic view of the galaxy cluster XMMU J1230.3+1339 at z=0.975 - Observing the assembly of a massive system
• On the occupation of X-ray selected galaxy groups by radio AGN since z=1.3
• XMMU J100750.5+125818: A strong lensing cluster at z=1.082
• Achieving a wide field near infrared camera for the Calar Alto 3.5m telescope
• Optimal Chandra/XMM-Newton Band-Passes for Detecting Low Temperature Groups and Clusters of Galaxies
• XMM-Newton detection of two clusters of galaxies with strong SPT Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect signatures
• Indications for 3 Mpc-scale large-scale structure associated with an X-ray luminous cluster of galaxies at z=0.95
• The nature of the red disk-like galaxies at high redshift: dust attenuation and intrinsically red stellar populations
• The Galaxy Populations of Double Cluster RX J1053.7+5735 at z=1.13
• Discovery of the X-ray selected galaxy cluster XMMU J0338.8+0021 at z = 1.49 - Indications for a young system with a forming brightest galaxy
• Exploring the galaxy cluster-group transition regime at high redshifts: Physical properties of two newly detected z > 1 systems
• Redshift evolution of the 1.4 GHz volume averaged radio luminosity function in clusters of galaxies

Cited by in corpus (74)

• Planck 2013 results. XXIX. Planck catalogue of Sunyaev-Zeldovich sources
• Ancient Light from Young Cosmic Cities: Physical and Observational Signatures of Galaxy Proto-Clusters
• The Era of Star Formation in Galaxy Clusters
• The WIRCam Deep Survey I: Counts, colours and mass-functions derived from near-infrared imaging in the CFHTLS deep fields
• Self-similar scaling and evolution in the galaxy cluster X-ray Luminosity-Temperature relation
• Unconventional mass enhancement around the Dirac nodal loop in ZrSiS
• The Remarkable Similarity of Massive Galaxy Clusters From z~0 to z~1.9
• The XXL Survey. II. The bright cluster sample: catalogue and luminosity function
• Toward Unbiased Galaxy Cluster Masses from Line of Sight Velocity Dispersions
• Galaxy evolution in overdense environments at high redshift: passive early-type galaxies in a cluster at redshift 2
• Scaling relations for galaxy clusters: properties and evolution
• X-ray Properties of SPT Selected Galaxy Clusters at 0.2<z<1.5 Observed with XMM-Newton
• Discovery of a Rich Cluster at z = 1.63 using the Rest-Frame 1.6um "Stellar Bump Sequence" Method
• Redshifts, Sample Purity, and BCG Positions for the Galaxy Cluster Catalog from the first 720 Square Degrees of the South Pole Telescope Survey
• Surveying Galaxy Proto-clusters in Emission: A Large-scale Structure at z=2.44 and the Outlook for HETDEX
• The Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey. I: Survey Overview and a Catalog of >2000 Galaxy Clusters at z~1
• Measurement of the intracluster light at z ~ 1
• The reversal of the SF-density relation in a massive, X-ray selected galaxy cluster at z=1.58: results from Herschel
• Are z~5 QSOs found in the most massive high redshift over-densities?
• IDCS J1426.5+3508: Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Measurement of a Massive IR-selected Cluster at z=1.75
• Distant galaxy clusters in the XMM Large Scale Structure survey
• SPT-CLJ2040-4451: An SZ-Selected Galaxy Cluster at z = 1.478 With Significant Ongoing Star Formation
• The XXL Survey V: Detection of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect of the Redshift 1.9 Galaxy Cluster XLSSU J021744.1-034536 with CARMA
• The XMM-LSS survey: the Class 1 cluster sample over the extended 11 deg${}^2$ and its spatial distribution
• Chandra deep observation of XDCP J0044.0-2033, a massive galaxy cluster at z>1.5
• A large-scale galaxy structure at z = 2.02 associated with the radio galaxy MRC0156-252
• Galaxy population properties of the massive X-ray luminous galaxy cluster XDCP J0044.0-2033 at z=1.58: red-sequence formation, massive galaxy assembly, and central star formation activity
• The Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey. III. Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Masses of Galaxy Clusters at $z\sim 1$
• The 2XMMi/SDSS Galaxy Cluster Survey. II. The optically confirmed cluster sample and the L_X-T relation
• The X-CLASS survey: A catalogue of 1646 X-ray-selected galaxy clusters up to z$\sim$1.5
• IDCS J1426.5+3508: The Most Massive Galaxy Cluster at $z>1.5$
• The Massive Distant Clusters of WISE Survey: The First Distant Galaxy Cluster Discovered by WISE
• Spitzer Planck Herschel Infrared Cluster (SPHerIC) survey: Candidate galaxy clusters at 1.3 < z < 3 selected by high star-formation rate
• KAT-7 Science Verification: Cold Gas, Star Formation, and Substructure in the Nearby Antlia Cluster
• The Violent Youth of Bright and Massive Cluster Galaxies and their Maturation over 7 Billion Years
• Dust-obscured star-formation in the outskirts of XMMU J2235.3-2557, a massive galaxy cluster at z=1.4
• Overdensities of Submillimetre-Bright Sources around Candidate Protocluster Cores Selected from the South Pole Telescope Survey
• The XMM Cluster Survey: Evidence for energy injection at high redshift from evolution of the X-ray luminosity-temperature relation
• A sample of 1959 massive galaxy clusters at high redshifts
• The Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey: MOO J1142+1527, A 10${}^{15}$ M${}_{\odot }$ Galaxy Cluster at z=1.19
• Planck's dusty GEMS. V. Molecular wind and clump stability in a strongly lensed star-forming galaxy at z=2.2
• Observational evidence that massive cluster galaxies were forming stars at z~2.5 and did not grow in mass at later times
• A Consistent Approach to Falsifying Lambda-CDM with Rare Galaxy Clusters
• Planck Intermediate Results. IV. The XMM-Newton validation programme for new Planck galaxy clusters
• The Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey X: Initial Results from a Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect Study of Massive Galaxy Clusters at z>1 using MUSTANG2 on the GBT
• Spectroscopic Confirmation of Five Galaxy Clusters at z > 1.25 in the 2500 sq. deg. SPT-SZ Survey
• Physical properties of Brightest Cluster Galaxies up to redshift 1.80 based on HST data
• Galaxy clusters and groups in the ALHAMBRA Survey
• Prospects for high-z cluster detections with Planck, based on a follow-up of 28 candidates using MegaCam@CFHT
• Constraining the multi-scale dark-matter distribution in CASSOWARY 31 with strong gravitational lensing and stellar dynamics
• High Frequency Cluster Radio Galaxies: Luminosity Functions and Implications for SZE Selected Cluster Samples
• The Swift X-ray Telescope Cluster Survey: data reduction and cluster catalog for the GRB fields
• AGN triggering in the infall regions of distant X-ray luminous galaxy clusters at 0.9 < z <~ 1.6
• The 2XMMi/SDSS Galaxy Cluster Survey. III. Clusters associated with spectroscopically targeted luminous red galaxies in SDSS-DR10
• First simultaneous optical/near-infrared imaging of an X-ray selected, high-redshift cluster of galaxies with GROND: the galaxy population of XMMU J0338.7+0030 at z=1.1
• The 3XMM/SDSS Stripe 82 Galaxy Cluster Survey: Cluster catalogue and discovery of two merging cluster candidates
• Kinematic analysis of a sample of X-ray luminous distant galaxy clusters. The $L_X$ - ${\sigma }_v$ relation in the $z>0.6$ universe
• Synthesizing Stellar Populations in South Pole Telescope Galaxy Clusters: I. Ages of Quiescent Member Galaxies at 0.3 < z < 1.4
• The SWIFT AGN and Cluster Survey I: Number Counts of AGN and Galaxy Clusters
• Chandra and optical/IR observations of CXOJ1415.2+3610, a massive, newly discovered galaxy cluster at z~1.5
• The XMM Cluster Survey: evolution of the velocity dispersion -- temperature relation over half a Hubble time
• IDCS J1426.5+3508: Weak Lensing Analysis of a Massive Galaxy Cluster at $z=1.75$
• EXSdetect: an end-to-end software for extended source detection in X-ray images: application to Swift-XRT data
• The WARPS Survey. VIII. Evolution of the Galaxy Cluster X-ray Luminosity Function
• Euclid preparation LXX. Forecasting detection limits for intracluster light in the Euclid Wide Survey
• The Swift X-ray Telescope Cluster Survey II. X-ray spectral analysis
• Multiple AGN activity during the BCG assembly of XDCPJ0044.0-2033 at z~1.6
• Distant galaxy clusters in a deep XMM-Newton field within the CFTHLS D4
• F-VIPGI: a new adapted version of VIPGI for FORS2 spectroscopy. Application to a sample of 16 X-ray selected galaxy clusters at 0.6 < z < 1.2
• Mass assembly and AGN activity at $z\gtrsim 1.5$ in the dense environment of XDCPJ0044.0-2033
• Distant clusters of galaxies in the 2XMM/SDSS footprint: follow-up observations with the LBT
• An X-ray-Emitting Proto-Cluster at $z\approx 5.7$ Reveals Rapid Structure Growth
• The role of AGN activity in the building up of the BCG at z~1.6
• X-ray characterisation of the massive galaxy clusterClG-J104803.7+313843 at z=0.76 with XMM-Newton