Non-Abelian quantum order in spin-orbit-coupled semiconductors: The search for topological Majorana particles in solid state systems

Abstract

We show that an ordinary semiconducting thin film with spin-orbit coupling can, under ap- propriate circumstances, be in a quantum topologically ordered state supporting exotic Majorana excitations which follow non-Abelian statistics. The key to the quantum topological order is the coexistence of spin-orbit coupling with proximity-induced s-wave superconductivity and an externally-induced Zeeman coupling of the spins. For the Zeeman coupling below a critical value, the system is a non-topological (proximity-induced) s-wave superconductor. However, for a range of Zeeman coupling above the critical value, the lowest energy excited state inside a vortex is a zero-energy Majorana fermion state. The system, thus, has entered into a non-Abelian s-wave superconducting state via a topological quantum phase transition (TQPT) tuned by the Zeeman coupling. In the one-dimensional version of the same structure and for the Zeeman coupling above the critical value, there are localized Majorana zero-energy modes at the two ends of a semiconducting quantum nanowire. In this case, the Zeeman coupling can be induced more easily by an external magnetic field parallel to the wire, obviating the need for a magnetic insulator. We show that, despite the fact that the superconducting pair potential in the nanowire is explicitly s-wave, tunneling of electrons to the ends of the wire reveals a pronounced zero-bias peak. Such a peak is absent when the Zeeman coupling is below its critical value, i.e., the nanowire is in the non-topological s-wave superconducting state. We argue that the observation of this zero-bias tunneling peak in the semiconductor nanowire is possibly the simplest and clearest experiment proposed so far to unambiguously detect a Majorana fermion mode in a condensed matter system.

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• Duality and topology
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• Majorana Fermions Under Uniaxial Stress in Semiconductor-Superconductor Heterostructures
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• Band twisting and resilience to disorder in long-range topological superconductors
• Majorana polarization in disordered heterostructures
• Shuttling Majorana zero modes in disordered and noisy topological superconductors
• Majorana zero modes in semiconductor-superconductor hybrid structures: Defining topology in short and disordered nanowires through Majorana splitting
• Gate-tunable negative differential conductance in hybrid semiconductor-superconductor devices
• Bulk transport through superconducting hybrid structures in HgTe quantum wells
• Majorana Braiding Racetracks from Charge Chern Insulator - Superconductor Hybrids
• Localization and Topology in Noncentrosymmetric Superconductors with Disorder
• Sub-gap Fano resonances in a topological superconducting wire with on-site Coulomb interactions
• Electrical, thermal and thermoelectric transport in open long-range Kitaev chain
• Fermion parity gap and exponential ground state degeneracy of the one-dimensional Fermi gas with intrinsic attractive interaction
• Planar Josephson junction devices with narrow superconducting strips: Topological properties and optimization
• Dynamics of Majorana zero modes across hybrid Kitaev chain
• Anomalous superconducting proximity effect and coherent charge transport in semiconducting thin film with spin-orbit interaction
• Stability of Majorana bound states in the presence of spin-flip scattering
• Theory of collective topologically-protected Majorana fermion excitations of networks of localized Majorana modes
• Transport in extended Kitaev chain with time reversal symmetry breaking and long-range interaction
• Topological superconducting phase in a non-Hermitian Kitaev chain with staggered pairing imbalance
• Signatures of Majorana bound states in scanning gate microscopy of hybrid nanowires
• Majorana modes in graphene strips: polarization, wavefunctions, disorder, and Andreev states
• Giant and robust Josephson diode effect in multiband topological nanowires
• Majorana bound states with chiral magnetic textures
• Ballistic transport in 1D Rashba systems in the context of Majorana nanowires
• Manipulating Edge Majorana Fermions in Vortex State
• Proximity-induced superconductivity generated by thin films: Effects of Fermi surface mismatch and disorder in the superconductor
• Rashba spin-orbit coupling and artificially engineered topological superconductors
• Adiabatic preparation of a number-conserving atomic Majorana phase
• Dominant superconducting correlations in a Luttinger liquid induced by spin fluctuations