Splitting of a Cooper pair by a pair of Majorana bound states

Abstract

Majorana bound states are spatially localized superpositions of electron and hole excitations in the middle of a superconducting energy gap. A single qubit can be encoded nonlocally in a pair of spatially separated Majorana bound states. Such Majorana qubits are in demand as building blocks of a topological quantum computer, but direct experimental tests of the nonlocality remain elusive. Here we propose a method to probe the nonlocality by means of crossed Andreev reflection, which is the injection of an electron into one bound state followed by the emission of a hole by the other bound state (equivalent to the splitting of a Cooper pair over the two states). We have found that, at sufficiently low excitation energies, this nonlocal scattering process dominates over local Andreev reflection involving a single bound state. As a consequence, the low-temperature and low-frequency fluctuations $\delta I_i$ of currents into the two bound states $i=1,2$ are maximally correlated: $\overline{\delta I_1\delta I_2}=\overline{\delta I_i^2}$.

4 pages, 2 figures; added two paragraphs and references in response to referee comments

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