Security of quantum key distribution using d-level systems

Abstract

We consider two quantum cryptographic schemes relying on encoding the key into qudits, i.e. quantum states in a d-dimensional Hilbert space. The first cryptosystem uses two mutually unbiased bases (thereby extending the BB84 scheme), while the second exploits all the d+1 available such bases (extending the six-state protocol for qubits). We derive the information gained by a potential eavesdropper applying a cloning-based individual attack, along with an upper bound on the error rate that ensures unconditional security against coherent attacks.

4 pages RevTex

References in corpus (1)

• Optimal eavesdropping in cryptography with three-dimensional quantum states

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• A gap for the maximum number of mutually unbiased bases
• Localization-based two-photon wave-function information encoding
• Constructing mutually unbiased bases from unextendible maximally entangled bases
• High-Dimensional Quantum Key Distribution with Qubit-like States
• General framework of quantum complementarity from a measurement-based perspective
• Quantum computing in a piece of glass
• Measurement of a spin-1 system
• Binarisation of multi-outcome measurements in high-dimensional quantum correlation experiments
• Time-dependent Rabi frequencies to protect quantum operations on an atomic qutrit by continuous dynamical decoupling
• Dissipative phase transition: from qubits to qudits
• Wigner functional theory for quantum optics
• Lightweight Mediated Semi-Quantum Key Distribution Protocol with a Dishonest Third Party based on Bell States
• On quasi-orthogonal systems of matrix algebras
• Macroscopic approach to N-qudit systems
• Finite-Function-Encoding Quantum States
• Persistent Tensors and Multiqudit Entanglement Transformation
• Uncertainty relations between quantum Fisher information and entanglement monotones
• Quantum key distribution over noisy channels by the testing state method
• Qudit low-density parity-check codes
• MUB-like structures and tomographic reconstruction for N-ququart systems
• Generalized entropic uncertainty relation and non-classicality in Schwarzschild black hole
• Self-testing in a constrained prepare-measure scenario sans assuming quantum dimension
• Bounding the Classical Capacity of Multilevel Damping Quantum Channels
• Classifying Entanglement by Algebraic Geometry
• Multiparticle Entanglement Resolution Analyzer based on Quantum-Control-Assisted Uncertainty Relation
• From Quantum State Targeting to Bell Inequalities
• Feasible superadiabatic-based shortcuts for fast generating 3D entanglement between two atoms
• Photonic quantum simulator for unbiased phase covariant cloning
• Self-guided tomography of time-frequency qudits
• The reduction of entropy uncertainty for qutrit system under non-Markov noisy environment
• New bounds of Mutually unbiased maximally entangled bases in C^d\otimes C^{kd}
• Information Geometric Security Analysis of Differential Phase Shift Quantum Key Distribution Protocol
• Permutationally invariant processes in open multiqudit systems
• Quantum speed limits based on Jensen-Shannon and Jeffreys divergences for general physical processes
• Quantum Universally Composable Oblivious Linear Evaluation
• Entanglement Meter: Estimation of entanglement with single copy in Interferometer
• Systematic Numerical Study of the Propagation of Monochromatic Radiation through a Stationary Atmosphere in a Model of Plane Plane-Parallel Layers
• A Note on Hierarchy of Quantum Measurement Incompatibilities
• Higher dimensional quantum communication in a curved spacetime: an efficient simulation of the propagation of the wavefront of a photon
• Equiangular quantum key distribution in more than two dimensions
• Choice of mutually unbiased bases and outcome labelling affects measurement outcome secrecy
• Quantum Resonance near Optimal Eavesdropping in Quantum Cryptography
• All classes of informationally complete symmetric measurements in finite dimensions
• Quantum enhancement of qutrit dynamics through driving field and photonic band-gap crystal
• Novel Constructions of Mutually Unbiased Tripartite Absolutely Maximally Entangled Bases
• A CNOT Gate in a Glass Chip
• Measurement-device-independent Schmidt number certification of all entangled states
• Entanglement transfer, accumulation and retrieval via quantum-walk-based qubit-qudit dynamics
• Protecting three-dimensional entanglement from correlated amplitude damping channel
• Determination of spatial quantum states by using Point Diffraction Interferometry
• A quantum retrograde canon: Complete population transfer in $n^2$-state systems
• Schmidt rank constraints in Quantum Information Theory
• High-Dimensional Entanglement of Photonic Angular Qudits
• Efficient quantum state tomography with auxiliary Hilbert space
• Sum Uncertainty Relations: Uncertainty Regions for Qubits and Qutrits
• Information Disturbance Tradeoff in Bidirectional QKD
• Security analysis method for practical quantum key distribution with arbitrary encoding schemes
• Two-qubit universal and state-dependent quantum cloning machine and quantum correlation broadcasting
• Optimal conditions for multiplexing information into ring-core optical fibers
• Experimental multi-state quantum discrimination through a Quantum network
• On mutually unbiased bases: Passing from d to d**2
• Detecting high-dimensional entanglement by randomized product projections
• Quantum Sampling for Optimistic Finite Key Rates in High Dimensional Quantum Cryptography
• Three Party Quantum Networks Created by Quantum Cloning
• Spectral stability of bi-frequency solitary waves in Soler and Dirac--Klein--Gordon models
• A Survey of OAM-Encoded High-Dimensional Quantum Key Distribution: Foundations, Experiments, and Recent Trends
• Quantum Clock Synchronization with a Single Qudit
• Multi-core fiber integrated multi-port beamsplitters for quantum information processing
• Virtual Cloning of Quantum States
• Equivalence of mutually unbiased bases via orbits: general theory and a $d=4$ case study
• Photonic quantum information with time-bins: Principles and applications
• Security of deterministic key distribution with higher-dimensional systems
• Scheme of quantum communications based on Witting polytope
• Information leak and incompatibility of physical context: A modified approach
• Spatial Mode Encoding for Quantum Key Distribution: From Hundreds to Thousands of Modes
• Quantum Random Access Codes Implementation for Resource Allocation and Coexistence with Classical Telecommunication
• Complete Population Transfer of Maximally Entangled States in $2^{2N}$-level Systems via Pythagorean Triples Coupling
• Mutually unbiased bases for quantum states defined over p-adic numbers
• Controlling Quantum Coherence of V-type Atom in Dissipative Cavity by Detuning and Weak Measurement Reversal
• Entanglement recycled quantum key distribution scheme without sifting over arbitrary long distance
• On the characterization of partially entanglement breaking and annihilating channels
• Fully connected entanglement-based quantum communication network without trusted node
• Achieving ultimate noise tolerance in quantum communication
• A Unified Quantum NOT Gate
• Measuring entanglement along collective operators
• Creating two-qudit maximally entangled quantum link through bulk
• Characterizing multipartite entanglement by violation of CHSH inequalities
• Broadcasting of NPT Entanglement in Two Qutrit Systems
• Practical high-dimensional quantum key distribution with decoy states
• Mutually unbiased measurements with arbitrary purity
• Resource-Efficient Teleportation of High-Dimensional Quantum Coherence via Initial Phase Engineering
• Revealing effects of local dimension on variable-range interacting model by connecting Lieb-Robinson bounds and multipartite entanglement
• Spatially encoded light for Large-alphabet Quantum Key Distribution
• Mutually disjoint, maximally commuting set of physical observables for optimum state determination
• Effect of Decoherence in Ekert-Protocol
• Arbitrary high-dimensional entanglement purification with the superposition of paths
• Fault-Tolerant Encoding of Logical Qudits in Spin Systems
• Reduced State Embedding for Error Correction in Quantum Cryptography
• Binarisation-loophole-free observation of high-dimensional quantum nonlocality
• A paradigm for universal quantum information processing with integrated acousto-optic frequency beamsplitters
• High-Fidelity Teleportation of Continuous-Variable Quantum States Via Non-Ideal Qutrit Entangled Resources
• Towards secure communication using intra-particle entanglement