Dissipative phase transition: from qubits to qudits
arXiv:2405.01223 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.110.062208
Abstract
We investigate the fate of dissipative phase transitions in quantum many-body systems when the individual constituents are qudits (-level systems) instead of qubits. As an example system, we employ a permutation-invariant model of infinite-range interacting -level spins undergoing individual and collective dissipation. In the mean-field limit, we identify a dissipative phase transition, whose critical point is independent of after a suitable rescaling of parameters. When the decay rates between all adjacent levels are identical and , the critical point expands, in terms of the ratio between dissipation and interaction strengths, to a critical region in which two phases coexist and which increases as grows. In addition, a larger leads to a more pronounced change in spin expectation values at the critical point. Numerical investigations for finite reveal symmetry breaking signatures in the Liouvillian spectrum at the phase transition. The phase transition is furthermore marked by maximum entanglement negativity and a significant purity change of the steady state, which become more pronounced as increases. Considering qudits instead of qubits thus opens new perspectives on accessing rich phase diagrams in open many-body systems.
21 pages, 10 figures
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