Experimental observation of multimode quantum phase transitions in a superconducting Bose-Hubbard simulator
arXiv:2508.20116 · doi:10.1103/rvhv-ms4t
Abstract
The study of phase transitions and critical phenomena arising in quantum driven-dissipative systems, and whether a correspondence can be drawn to their equilibrium counterparts, is a pressing question in contemporary physics. The development of large-scale superconducting circuits provides an experimental platform for these theoretical models. We report an experimental study of a multi-mode dissipative first-order phase transition in a 1D Bose-Hubbard chain consisting of 21 superconducting resonators. This phase transition manifests itself as a simultaneous frequency jump in all resonator modes as the frequency or power of a pump tone is swept. By measuring the system's emission spectrum through the transition, we characterize the dim-to-bright phase transition and construct the full phase diagram. We further perform time-dependent measurements of the switching between the two phases in the transition region, from which we corroborate the transition line and extract transition times ranging from a few ms up to 143~s. Our model, based on single-mode mean-field theory and cross-Kerr interactions, captures the features at moderate pump powers and quantitatively reproduces the transition line. Our results open a new window into non-equilibrium quantum many-body physics and mark a step toward realizing and understanding dissipative phase transitions in the thermodynamic limit using superconducting quantum circuits.
14 pages, 9 figures
References in corpus (57)
- Quantum phase transition from a superfluid to a Mott insulator in a gas of ultracold atoms
- Charge insensitive qubit design derived from the Cooper pair box
- Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics
- The Dicke Quantum Phase Transition with a Superfluid Gas in an Optical Cavity
- Dynamics of a Quantum Phase Transition
- Keldysh Field Theory for Driven Open Quantum Systems
- Spectral theory of Liouvillians for dissipative phase transitions
- Dissipative Phase Transition in Central Spin Systems
- A Dissipatively Stabilized Mott Insulator of Photons
- Observation of a dissipative phase transition in a one-dimensional circuit QED lattice
- Implementation of low-loss superinductances for quantum circuits
- Electron spin dynamics in quantum dots and related nanostructures due to hyperfine interaction with nuclei
- Probing a dissipative phase transition via dynamical optical hysteresis
- Non-equilibrium steady-states in a driven-dissipative superfluid
- Dynamic framework for criticality-enhanced quantum sensing
- Observation of the photon-blockade breakdown phase transition
- Emergent equilibrium in many-body optical bistability
- Controlling the dynamic range of a Josephson parametric amplifier
- Quantum critical regime in a quadratically-driven nonlinear photonic lattice
- Critical slowing down in driven-dissipative Bose-Hubbard lattices
- Critical parametric quantum sensing
- Dissipation-induced anomalous multicritical phenomena
- Synchronization and bistability of qubit coupled to a driven dissipative oscillator
- Quantum sensing close to a dissipative phase transition: symmetry breaking and criticality as metrological resources
- Emerging dissipative phases in a superradiant quantum gas with tunable decay
- Coherent and dissipative dynamics at quantum phase transitions
- Extensible quantum simulation architecture based on atom-photon bound states in an array of high-impedance resonators
- Kerr coefficients of plasma resonances in Josephson junction chains
- Cooling and Autonomous Feedback in a Bose-Hubbard chain with Attractive Interactions
- Superconducting switch for fast on-chip routing of quantum microwave fields
- One hundred second bit-flip time in a two-photon dissipative oscillator
- On the uniqueness of the steady-state solution of the Lindblad-Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan equation
- Photon transport in a Bose-Hubbard chain of superconducting artificial atoms
- A critical Schrödinger cat qubit
- Distinctive class of dissipation-induced phase transitions and their universal characteristics
- Driven-dissipative phase transition in a Kerr oscillator: From semiclassical symmetry to quantum fluctuations
- Investigation of nonlinear effects in Josephson parametric oscillators used in circuit QED
- Critical slowing down in the bistable regime of circuit quantum electrodynamics
- Quantum behavior of a superconducting Duffing oscillator at the dissipative phase transition
- Microwave photon detection at parametric criticality
- Observation of first- and second-order dissipative phase transitions in a two-photon driven Kerr resonator
- Simultaneous bistability of qubit and resonator in circuit quantum electrodynamics
- Superradiant Switching, Quantum Hysteresis, and Oscillations in a Generalized Dicke Model
- Bistability in a Mesoscopic Josephson Junction Array Resonator
- Criticality-Enhanced Quantum Sensing with a Parametric Superconducting Resonator
- Liouvillian spectral collapse in the Scully-Lamb laser model
- Dissipative phase transitions in -photon driven quantum nonlinear resonators
- Quantum versus classical switching dynamics of driven-dissipative Kerr resonators
- Collective quantum enhancement in critical quantum sensing
- Collective bosonic effects in an array of transmon devices
- Quantum phase transitions in the driven dissipative Jaynes-Cummings oscillator: from the dispersive regime to resonance
- Bistability of optically-induced nuclear spin orientation in quantum dots
- Tunable compact on-chip superconducting switch
- Dynamical excitation control and multimode emission of an atom-photon bound state
- Dissipative phase transition: from qubits to qudits
- Synthetic fractional flux quanta in a ring of superconducting qubits
- Analytical phase boundary of a quantum driven-dissipative Kerr oscillator from classical stochastic instantons