Non-equilibrium magnetic phases in spin lattices with gain and loss

Abstract

We study the magnetic phases of a non-equilibrium spin chain, where coherent interactions between neighboring lattice sites compete with alternating gain and loss processes. This competition between coherent and incoherent dynamics induces transitions between magnetically aligned and highly mixed phases, across which the system changes from a low- to an effective infinite-temperature state. We show that the origin of these transitions can be traced back to the dynamical effect of parity-time-reversal symmetry breaking, which has no counterpart in the theory of equilibrium phase transitions. This mechanism also results in very atypical features and we find first-order transitions without phase co-existence and mixed-order transitions which do not break the underlying $U(1)$ symmetry, even in the appropriate thermodynamic limit. Thus, despite its simplicity, the current model considerably extends the phenomenology of non-equilibrium phase transitions beyond that commonly assumed for driven-dissipative spins and related systems.

arXiv comment14 pages, 9 figures

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• Emergence of PT-symmetry breaking in open quantum systems
• Driven-dissipative phase transition in a Kerr oscillator: From semiclassical $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$ symmetry to quantum fluctuations
• Realistic simulations of spin squeezing and cooperative coupling effects in large ensembles of interacting two-level systems
• Continuous Dissipative Phase Transitions without Symmetry Breaking
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• Emergent $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$ symmetry in a double-quantum-dot circuit QED set-up
• Many-Body Open Quantum Systems
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