Dissipation driven quantum phase transitions and symmetry breaking

Abstract

By considering a solvable driven-dissipative quantum model, we demonstrate that continuous second order phase transitions in dissipative systems may occur without an accompanying spontaneous symmetry breaking. As such, the underlying mechanism for this type of transition is qualitatively different from that of continuous equilibrium phase transitions. In our model, the transition is solely a result of the interplay between Hamiltonian and dissipative dynamics and manifests as a non-analyticity in the steady state ${\hat{\rho }}_{\mathrm{ss}}$ in the thermodynamic limit. Expectations of local observables are continuous but typically with discontinuous first order derivatives in agreement with second order phase transitions. While the model, a large number of driven two-level systems under collective dissipation, is in some sense fully connected, mean-field results are incapable of capturing the full picture.

5+5 pages, 2+5 figures

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