Electromagnetic excitation of the Delta(1232)-resonance

Abstract

We review the description of the lowest-energy nucleon excitation -- the $\Delta$(1232)-resonance. Much of the recent experimental effort has been focused on the precision measurements of the nucleon-to-$\Delta$ transition by means of electromagnetic probes. We confront the results of these measuremnts with the state-of-the-art calculations based on chiral effective-field theories (EFT), lattice QCD, large-$N_c$ relations, perturbative QCD, and QCD-inspired models. We also discuss the link of the nucleon-to-$\Delta$ form factors to generalized parton distributions (GPDs). Some of the theoretical approaches are reviewed in detail, in particular, recent dynamical and unitary-isobar models of pion electroproduction, which are extensively used in the interpretation of experiments. Also, the novel extension of chiral EFTs to the energy domain of the $\Delta$-resonance is described in detail. The two-photon exchange effects in the electroexcitation of the $\De$-resonance are addressed here as well.

arXiv comment150 pp, 67 figs; final version - to appear in Physics Reports

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• Electromagnetic baryon form factors in the Poincare-covariant Faddeev approach
• Low-energy axial-vector transitions from decuplet to octet baryons
• Meson cloud contributions to the Dalitz decays of decuplet to octet baryons
• ${\Omega }^{-}$, ${\Xi }^{\ast -}$, ${\Sigma }^{\ast -}$ and ${\Delta }^{-}$ decuplet baryon magnetic moments
• Baryon polarization in low-energy unpolarized meson-baryon scattering
• Dispersive analysis of low energy ${\gamma }^{\ast }N\to \pi N$ process
• Electromagnetic transition form factors of the Roper resonance in baryon chiral perturbation theory
• Complete definition of $N\to \Delta$ transition generalized parton distributions
• New chiral structures for baryon number violating nucleon decays
• Electroweak form factors of baryons in dense nuclear matter
• Gauge- and point-invariant vertices of nucleon-to-resonance interactions
• A dispersion relation for the pion-mass dependence of hadron properties
• Analysis of the vertexes ${\Omega }_Q^{\ast }{\Omega }_Q^{\ast }\varphi$, ${\Omega }_Q^{\ast }{\Xi }_Q^{\ast }{K}^{\ast }$, ${\Xi }_Q^{\ast }{\Sigma }_Q^{\ast }{K}^{\ast }$ and ${\Sigma }_Q^{\ast }{\Sigma }_Q^{\ast }\rho$ with the light-cone QCD sum rules
• The lowest-lying spin-1/2 and spin-3/2 baryon magnetic moments in chiral perturbation theory
• Mass and width of the $\Delta (1232)$ resonance using complex-mass renormalization
• The lifetime of unstable particles in electromagnetic fields
• Electromagnetic form factors of the Delta(1232) in Dual-Large N_c QCD
• Low-Q^2 scaling behavior of the form-factor ratios for the NΔ(1232)-transition
• Measurement of the Partial Cross Sections s(TT), s(LT) and [s(T)+epsilon*s(L)] of the p(e,e' pi+)n Reaction in the Delta(1232) Resonance
• Chiral effective field theories of the strong interactions
• Relativistic chiral representation of the $\pi N$ scattering amplitude II: The pion-nucleon sigma term
• Method for measuring the charge radii of charged hyperons from the time-like region
• Overview of nucleon structure studies
• Polarized $p{K}^{-}$ scattering in Unitary Baryon Chiral Perturbation Theory
• Symmetries of higher-spin fields and the electromagnetic N-N(1680) form factors
• Magnetic field dependence of Delta isobars properties in a Skyrme model
• Sea quark contributions to nucleon electromagnetic form factors with the nonlocal chiral effective Lagrangian
• Soft-photon radiative corrections to the $e^{-}p\to e^{-}p{l}^{-}{l}^{+}$ process
• Quartet of spin-3/2 baryons in chiral multiplet $(1,1/2)\oplus (1/2,1)$ with mirror assignment
• Ernest Henley and the shape of baryons
• Contributions to the nucleon form factors from bubble and tadpole diagrams
• Radiative corrections to the magnetic moments of the proton and the neutron
• The reactions $\pi \pi \to \pi \pi$ and $\gamma \gamma \to \pi \pi$ in $\chi$PT with an isosinglet scalar resonance
• Constituent-quark model with pionic contributions: electromagnetic $N\to \Delta$ transition
• Nucleon-to-Resonance Form Factors at Large Photon Virtualities
• Current conservation, screening and the magnetic moment of the $\Delta$ resonance. -- 1. Formulation without quark degrees of freedom
• Spinor Representations for Fields with any Spin: Lorentz Tensor Basis for Operators and Covariant Multipole Decomposition
• Signatures of the $\Delta$ isobar in spin observables of ${}^3\mathrm{He}$ electrodisintegration
• The Dubna-Mainz-Taipei Dynamical Model for $\pi N$ Scattering and $\pi$ Electromagnetic Production
• Causality in the relativistic bound-state problem
• Chiral perturbation theory study of the axial $N\to \Delta (1232)$ transition
• Nuclear coherent ${\pi }^0$ photoproduction with charge-exchange and spin-flip rescattering
• Quark model calculations of transition form factors at high photon virtualities
• Electromagnetic polarizabilities of the spin-$\frac{3}{2}$ baryons in heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory
• Resonance Contributions to Radiative Corrections in Charged-Current Elastic (Anti)Neutrino-Nucleon Scattering at GeV Energies
• Nucleon parton distributions from hadronic quantum fluctuations
• Electromagnetic transition form factors and Dalitz decays of hyperons
• Charting doubly strange hidden-charm pentaquarks: An electromagnetic mapping of spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ and $\frac{3}{2}$ states
• Chiral Dynamics and Dubna-Mainz-Taipei Dynamical Model for Pion-Photoproduction Reaction
• Predictions of chiral perturbation theory for Compton scattering off protons
• Threshold Neutral Pion Photoproduction on the Proton
• Relativistically invariant analysis of $\Delta$--isobar production in deuteron electrodisintegration: $e^{-}+d\to e^{-}+\Delta +N:$ general analysis of polarization effects