The Mott insulator transition in two dimensions

Abstract

Cold atoms confined in periodic potentials are remarkably versatile quantum systems for implementing simple models prevalent in condensed matter theory. In the current experiment, we realize the 2D Bose-Hubbard model by loading a Bose-Einstein condensate into an optical lattice, and we study the resulting Mott insulating state (a phase of matter in which atoms are localized on specific lattice sites). We measure momentum distributions which agree quantitatively with theory (no adjustable parameters). We also study correlations in atom shot nose and observe a pronounced dependence on the lattice depth, this dependence indicates geometric effects to first order and suggests deviations due to higher order corrections.

Expanded version of text accepted for publication in PRL. Changes: significant textual improvement, and corrected numerical transcription errors relevant to Figs 1. and 4

References in corpus (7)

• Quantum phase transition from a superfluid to a Mott insulator in a gas of ultracold atoms
• Spatial quantum noise interferometry in expanding ultracold atom clouds
• A lattice of double wells for manipulating pairs of cold atoms
• Quantum Monte Carlo simulations of confined bosonic atoms in optical lattices
• Mott insulator to superfluid transition in the Bose-Hubbard model: a strong-coupling approach
• Interference pattern and visibility of a Mott insulator
• Searching for a Supersolid in Cold Atom Optical Lattices

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