Counting atoms using interaction blockade in an optical superlattice

Abstract

We report on the observation of an interaction blockade effect for ultracold atoms in optical lattices, analogous to Coulomb blockade observed in mesoscopic solid state systems. When the lattice sites are converted into biased double wells, we detect a discrete set of steps in the well population for increasing bias potentials. These correspond to tunneling resonances where the atom number on each side of the barrier changes one by one. This allows us to count and control the number of atoms within a given well. By evaluating the amplitude of the different plateaus, we can fully determine the number distribution of the atoms in the lattice, which we demonstrate for the case of a superfluid and Mott insulating regime of 87Rb.

4 pages, 4 figures

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• Quantum phase transition from a superfluid to a Mott insulator in a gas of ultracold atoms
• Time-resolved Observation and Control of Superexchange Interactions with Ultracold Atoms in Optical Lattices
• Direct Observation of Second Order Atom Tunnelling
• A lattice of double wells for manipulating pairs of cold atoms
• Imaging the Mott Insulator Shells using Atomic Clock Shifts
• Preparing and probing atomic number states with an atom interferometer
• Many-body quantum coherence and interaction blockade in Josephson-linked Bose-Einstein condensates
• Energy gaps and interaction blockade in confined quantum systems

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