Phases of a 2D Bose Gas in an Optical Lattice

Abstract

Ultra-cold atoms in optical lattices realize simple, fundamental models in condensed matter physics. Our 87Rb Bose-Einstein condensate is confined in a harmonic trapping potential to which we add an optical lattice potential. Here we realize the 2D Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian and focus on the effects of the harmonic trap, not present in bulk condensed matter systems. By measuring condensate fraction we identify the transition from superfluid to Mott insulator as a function of atom density and lattice depth. Our results are in excellent agreement with the quantum Monte Carlo universal state diagram, suitable for trapped systems, introduced by Rigol et al. (Phys. Rev. A 79, 053605 (2009)).

arXiv comment5 pages, 4 figures

References in corpus (14)

• Quantum phase transition from a superfluid to a Mott insulator in a gas of ultracold atoms
• Cold bosonic atoms in optical lattices
• The Mott insulator transition in two dimensions
• Yang-Yang thermodynamics on an atom chip
• Imaging the Mott Insulator Shells using Atomic Clock Shifts
• Quantum Monte Carlo simulations of confined bosonic atoms in optical lattices
• Formation of spatial shell structures in the superfluid to Mott insulator transition
• Rapid production of ${}^{87}$Rb BECs in a combined magnetic and optical potential
• Phase diagram for a Bose-Einstein condensate moving in an optical lattice
• Condensate fraction in a 2D Bose gas measured across the Mott-insulator transition
• Superfluid to Mott insulator transition in one, two, and three dimensions
• State diagrams for harmonically trapped bosons in optical lattices
• Adiabatic loading of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a 3D optical lattice
• Lattice Thermodynamics for Ultra-Cold Atoms

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