Superfluid-Insulator transition of two-species bosons with spin-orbit coupling

Abstract

Motivated by recent experiments [Y.J. Lin {\it et al.}, Nature {\bf 471}, 83 (2011)], we study Mott phases and superfluid-insulator (SI) transitions of two-species ultracold bosonic atoms in a two-dimensional square optical lattice with nearest neighbor hopping amplitude $t$ in the presence of a spin-orbit coupling characterized by a tunable strength $\gamma$. Using both strong-coupling expansion and Gutzwiller mean-field theory, we chart out the phase diagrams of the bosons in the presence of such spin-orbit interaction. We compute the momentum distribution of the bosons in the Mott phase near the SI transition point and show that it displays precursor peaks whose position in the Brillouin zone can be varied by tuning $\gamma$. Our analysis of the critical theory of the transition unravels the presence of unconventional quantum critical points at $t/\gamma =0$ which are accompanied by emergence of an additional gapless mode in the critical region. We also study the superfluid phases of the bosons near the SI transition using a Gutzwiller mean-field theory which reveals the existence of a twisted superfluid phase with an anisotropic twist angle which depends on $\gamma$. Finally, we compute the collective modes of the bosons and point out the presence of reentrant SI transitions as a function of $\gamma$ for non-zero $t$. We propose experiments to test our theory.

v2, 13 pages, 9 figs; new section and figs

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• Ultracold Spin-Orbit Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensate in a Cavity: Route to Magnetic Phases Through Cavity Transmission
• Thermal Phase Transitions of Strongly Correlated Bosons with Spin-Orbit Coupling
• Strong Interaction Effects in Superfluid Ising Quantum Phase Transition
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• Superfluid Breakdown and Multiple Roton Gaps in Spin-Orbit Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensates on an Optical Lattice
• Spin-orbit Coupling in Optical lattices
• Entanglement measures and non-equilibrium dynamics of quantum many-body systems: a path integral approach
• Superfluid-Mott insulator transition in spin-orbit coupled Bose-Hubbard Model
• Bosons with incommensurate potential and spin-orbit coupling
• Quantum phases of spin-orbital-angular-momentum coupled bosonic gases in optical lattices
• Simulating systems of itinerant spin-carrying particles using arrays of superconducting qubits and resonators
• Thermal transitions of the modulated superfluid for spin-orbit coupled correlated bosons in an optical lattice
• Out-of-equilibrium dynamics of Bose-Bose mixtures in optical lattices
• Optical Lattice Modulation Spectroscopy for Spin-orbit Coupled Bosons
• Study of unconventional superfluid phases and the phase dynamics in spin-orbit coupled bose system
• Manipulating Goldstone modes via the superradiant light in a bosonic lattice gas inside a cavity
• Cavity Optomechanics with Ultra Cold Atoms in Synthetic Abelian and Non-Abelian Gauge Field
• Spin-orbit coupling driven superfluid states in optical lattices at zero and finite temperatures