First-order phase transition and anomalous hysteresis of Bose gases in optical lattices

Abstract

We study the first-order quantum phase transitions of Bose gases in optical lattices. A special emphasis is placed on an anomalous hysteresis behavior, in which the phase transition occurs in a unidirectional way and a hysteresis loop does not form. We first revisit the hardcore Bose-Hubbard model with dipole-dipole interactions on a triangular lattice to analyze accurately the ground-state phase diagram and the hysteresis using the cluster mean-field theory combined with cluster-size scaling. Details of the anomalous hysteresis are presented. We next consider the two-component and spin-1 Bose-Hubbard models on a hypercubic lattice and show that the anomalous hysteresis can emerge in these systems as well. In particular, for the former model, we discuss the experimental feasibility of the first-order transitions and the associated hysteresis. We also explain an underlying mechanism of the anomalous hysteresis by means of the Ginzburg-Landau theory. From the given cases, we conclude that the anomalous hysteresis is a ubiquitous phenomenon of systems with a phase region of lobe shape that is surrounded by the first-order boundary.

19 pages, 20 figures, and 1 table

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• Quantum Gutzwiller approach for the two-component Bose-Hubbard model
• Quantum Phases of Two-Component Bosons with Spin-Orbit Coupling in Optical Lattices
• Magnetization process of spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnets on a layered triangular lattice
• Quantum droplet of a two-component Bose gas in an optical lattice near the Mott insulator transition
• Bose and Mott Glass Phases in Dimerized Quantum Antiferromagnets
• Supersolidity of the $\alpha$ cluster structure in the nucleus ${}^{12}$C
• Cubic-quintic nonlinearity in superfluid Bose-Bose mixtures in optical lattices: Heavy solitary waves, barrier-induced criticality, and current-phase relations
• Nonequilibrium steady states of Bose-Einstein condensates with a local particle loss in double potential barriers
• Anomalous supersolidity in a weakly interacting dipolar Bose mixture on a square lattice
• Scaling phenomena driven by inhomogeneous conditions at first-order quantum transitions
• Strongly Spinor Ferromagnetic Bose Gases
• Phase diagrams and multistep condensations of spin-1 bosonic gases in optical lattices
• Stability of supercurrents in a superfluid phase of spin-1 bosons in an optical lattice
• Elementary excitations of antiferromagnetic spin-1 bosons in an optical lattice
• Out-of-equilibrium dynamics of Bose-Bose mixtures in optical lattices
• Magnetisms of spinor alkali and alkaline-earth atoms in optical lattices
• Spin-orbit coupling driven superfluid states in optical lattices at zero and finite temperatures
• Spiral Phase and Phase Diagram of the $S$=1/2 XXZ Model on the Shastry-Sutherland Lattice