The Massive Goldstone (Higgs) mode in two-dimensional ultracold atomic lattice systems

Abstract

We discuss how to reveal the massive Goldstone mode, often referred to as the Higgs amplitude mode, near the Superfluid-to-Insulator quantum critical point (QCP) in a system of two-dimensional ultracold bosonic atoms in optical lattices. The spectral function of the amplitude response is obtained by analytic continuation of the kinetic energy correlation function calculated by Monte Carlo methods. Our results enable a direct comparison with the recent experiment [M. Endres, T. Fukuhara, D. Pekker, M. Cheneau, P. Schauß, C. Gross, E. Demler, S. Kuhr, and I. Bloch, Nature 487, 454-458 (2012)], and demonstrate a good agreement for temperature shifts induced by lattice modulation. Based on our numerical analysis, we formulate the necessary conditions in terms of homogeneity, detuning from the QCP and temperature in order to reveal the massive Goldstone resonance peak in spectral functions experimentally. We also propose to apply a local modulation at the trap center to overcome the inhomogeneous broadening caused by the parabolic trap confinement.

7 pages, 5 figures

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• Response of the Higgs amplitude mode of superfluid Bose gases in a three dimensional optical lattice
• Floquet-engineered Emergent Massive Nambu-Goldstone Modes
• Analogue Quantum Simulation: A Philosophical Prospectus
• Localized Higgs modes of superfluid Bose gases in optical lattices: A Guzwiller mean-field study
• Topological Higgs Amplitude Modes in Strongly Interacting Superfluids
• Sampling and the complexity of nature