Modelling the Galaxy Bimodality: Shutdown Above a Critical Halo Mass

Abstract

We reproduce the blue and red sequences in the observed joint distribution of colour and magnitude for galaxies at low and high redshifts using hybrid N-body/semi-analytic simulations of galaxy formation. The match of model and data is achieved by mimicking the effects of cold flows versus shock heating coupled to feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGNs), as predicted by Dekel & Birnboim (2006). After a critical epoch z=3, only haloes below a critical shock-heating mass 10^12MSun enjoy gas supply by cold flows and form stars, while cooling and star formation are shut down abruptly above this mass. The shock-heated gas is kept hot because being dilute it is vulnerable to feedback from energetic sources such as AGNs in their self-regulated mode. The shutdown explains in detail the bright-end truncation of the blue sequence at ~L*, the appearance of luminous red-and-dead galaxies on the red sequence starting already at z~2, the colour bimodality, its strong dependence on environment density and its correlations with morphology and other galaxy properties. Before z~2-3, even haloes above the shock-heating mass form stars by cold streams penetrating through the hot gas. This explains the bright star-forming galaxies at z~3-4, the early appearance of massive galaxies on the red sequence, the high cosmological star-formation rate at high redshifts and the subsequent low rate at low redshifts.

17 pages, 12 figures, submitted to MNRAS

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• JADES: Rest-frame UV-to-NIR Size Evolution of Massive Quiescent Galaxies from Redshift z=5 to z=0.5
• Modeling active galactic nuclei: ongoing problems for the faint-end of the luminosity function
• Two phase galaxy formation: The Evolutionary Properties of Galaxies
• The zCOSMOS Redshift Survey: evolution of the light in bulges and discs since z~0.8
• Splitting the lentils: Clues to galaxy/black hole coevolution from the discovery of offset relations for non-dusty versus dusty (wet-merger-built) lenticular galaxies in the $M_{\mathrm{bh}}$-$M_{\ast ,\mathrm{spheroid}}$ diagram
• A method for classification of red, blue and green galaxies using fuzzy set theory
• COSMOS-Web: A history of galaxy migrations over the stellar mass-star formation rate plane
• The environment and redshift dependence of accretion onto dark matter halos and subhalos
• Green valley galaxies in the cosmic web: internal versus environmental quenching
• The star-forming progenitors of massive red galaxies
• Host galaxies of luminous quasars: population synthesis of optical off-axis spectra
• Quenching, bursting and galaxy shapes: colour transformation as a function of morphology
• Gas Accretion and Angular Momentum
• GECO: Galaxy Evolution COde - A new semi-analytical model of galaxy formation
• The Origin and Evolution of the Mass-Metallicity Relation using GalICS
• G.A.S. I: A prescription for turbulence-regulated star formation and its impact on galaxy properties
• Leaving the dark ages with AMIGA
• RABBITS -- II. The impact of AGN feedback on coalescing supermassive black holes in disc and elliptical galaxy mergers
• 3D Spectroscopy of Local Luminous Compact Blue Galaxies: Kinematics of NGC 7673
• Bimodal AGNs in Bimodal Galaxies
• A close-pair analysis of damp mergers at intermediate redshifts
• Photometric and clustering properties of hydrodynamical galaxies in a cosmological volume: results at z=0
• Cosmological Simulation of Galaxy Groups and Clusters-I: Global Effect of Feedback from Active Galactic Nuclei
• The Dragonfly Wide Field Survey. II. Accurate Total Luminosities and Colors of Nearby Massive Galaxies and Implications for the Galaxy Stellar Mass Function
• The uncertain interstellar medium of high-redshift quiescent galaxies: Impact of methodology
• Transonic galactic outflows in a dark matter halo with a central black hole and its application to the Sombrero galaxy
• Probing the link between quenching and morphological evolution
• Bursting and quenching in satellite galaxies
• On the dwarf galaxies rotation curves diversity problem
• A Model of the Cosmic Infrared Background Produced by Distant Galaxies
• Re-assessing the stellar population scaling relations of the galaxies in the Local Universe
• Testing a prediction of the merger origin of early-type galaxies: a correlation between stellar populations and asymmetry
• The Degeneracy of Galaxy Formation Models
• Anatomy of galactic star formation history: Roles of different modes of gas accretion, feedback, and recycling
• Tracing the green valley with entropic thresholding
• LeMMINGs. VI. Connecting nuclear activity to bulge properties of active and inactive galaxies: radio scaling relations and galaxy environment
• Quenching vs. Quiescence: forming realistic massive ellipticals with a simple starvation model
• Cold-mode and hot-mode accretion in galaxy formation: an entropy approach
• Massive Black Hole Mergers
• Quasar Host Galaxies and the $M_{SMBH}$ - ${\sigma }_{\ast }$ Relation
• A systematic study of AGN feedback in a disk galaxy I: global overview
• Cluster density slopes from Dark Matter-Baryons Energy Transfer
• Constraints on Galaxy Structure and Evolution from the Light of Nearby Systems
• More than just halo mass: Modelling how the red galaxy fraction depends on multiscale density in a HOD framework
• Barions and $\Lambda$CDM Model Problems
• Formation of galactic bulges from the cold gas filaments in high-redshift dark matter halos
• The landscape of massive black-hole spectroscopy with LISA and Einstein Telescope
• The long road to the Green Valley: Tracing the evolution of the Green Valley galaxies in the EAGLE simulation
• Testing the key role of the stellar mass-halo mass relation in galaxy merger rates and morphologies via DECODE, a novel Discrete statistical sEmi-empiriCal mODEl
• Resolved molecular gas and star-formation in massive unquenched spirals : I. UGC 8179
• Fast and Slow Rotators: The build-up of the Red Sequence
• Discriminating between different scenarios for the formation and evolution of massive black holes with LISA
• The Evolution of Luminous Compact Blue Galaxies: Disks or Spheroids?
• A Mass Dependent Density Profile from Dwarfs to Clusters