A giant stream of metal-rich stars in the halo of the galaxy M31

Abstract

Recent observations have revealed streams of gas and stars in the halo of the Milky Way that are the debris from interactions between our Galaxy and some of its dwarf companion galaxies; the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy and the Magellanic clouds. Analysis of the material has shown that much of the halo is made up of cannibalized satellite galaxies, and that dark matter is distributed nearly spherically in the Milky Way. It remains unclear, however, whether cannibalized substructures are as common in the haloes of galaxies as predicted by galaxy-formation theory. Here we report the discovery of a giant stream of metal-rich stars within the halo of the nearest large galaxy, M31 (the Andromeda galaxy). The source of this stream could be the dwarf galaxies M32 and NGC205, which are close companions of M31 and which may have lost a substantial number of stars owing to tidal interactions. The results demonstrate that the epoch of galaxy building still continues, albeit at a modest rate, and that tidal streams may be a generic feature of galaxy haloes.

7 pages, 2 figures, replaced with text published in Nature

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• Kinematics and Metallicity of Red Giant Branch Stars in the Northeast Shelf of M31
• The Quasar / Galaxy Pair PKS 1327-206 / ESO 1327-2041: Absorption Associated with a Recent Galaxy Merger
• Hide and seek between Andromeda's halo, disk, and giant stream
• Statistical properties of substructures around Milky Way-sized haloes and their implications for the formation of stellar streams
• Observing the stellar halo of Andromeda in cosmological simulations: the Auriga2PAndAS pipeline
• Tidal features and disc thicknesses of edge-on galaxies in the SDSS Stripe 82
• Stellar Tidal Streams in External Galaxies
• Low Surface Brightness structures from annotated deep CFHT images: effects of the host galaxy's properties and environment
• A Dwarf Disrupting -- Andromeda XXVII and the North West Stream
• Metallicities of Outer Halo M31 Globular Clusters from Integrated Light Calcium-II Triplet Spectroscopy
• The Complex Structure of the Bulge of M31
• Local Group(s)
• Stellar substructures in the solar neighbourhood IV. Kinematic Group 1 in the Geneva-Copenhagen survey
• Asymmetric Drift of Andromeda Analogs in the IllustrisTNG Simulation
• 2D Surface Brightness Modelling of Large 2MASS Galaxies I: Photometry and Structural Parameters
• The Smallest Scale of Hierarchy Survey (SSH). I. Survey Description
• Antlia Dwarf Galaxy: Distance, quantitative morphology and recent formation history via statistical field correction
• Resolved Stellar Populations as Tracers of Outskirts
• Theory of pixel lensing towards M31 -- II. The velocity anisotropy and flattening of the MACHO distribution
• Where Did the Outskirts Go? Outer Stellar Haloes as a Sensitive Probe of Supernova Feedback
• Measuring Detailed Chemical Abundances From Co-added Medium Resolution Spectra I. Tests using Milky Way dwarf spheroidal galaxies and globular clusters
• A catalogue of H$\alpha$ emission-line point sources in the vicinity fields of M31 and M33 from the LAMOST survey
• Two Channels of Metal-Rich Compact Stellar System Formation: Starbursts under High Ram Pressure versus Tidal Stripping
• M31 circum-nuclear region: a molecular survey with the IRAM-interferometer
• From gas to galaxies
• New Globular Cluster Candidates in the M81 group
• A Detection of Gas Associated with the M 31 Stellar Stream
• Relics of Galaxy Merging: Observational Predictions for a Wandering Massive Black Hole and Accompanying Star Cluster in the Halo of M31
• Substructure in the Globular Cluster Populations of the Virgo Cluster Elliptical Galaxies M84 and M86
• Variability search in M 31 using Principal Component Analysis and the Hubble Source Catalog
• HI mapping of the Leo Triplet: Morphologies and kinematics of tails and bridges
• A Star in the M31 Giant Stream: the Highest Negative Stellar Velocity Known
• Dark matter fraction derived from the M31 rotation curve
• Stars, Star Clusters, and Dust in NGC 3077
• Major mergers with small galaxies - the discovery of a Magellanic-type galaxy at z=0.12
• Another look at the size of the low-surface brightness galaxy VCC 1661 in the Virgo Cluster
• The survey of planetary nebulae in Andromeda (M31) VII. Predictions of a major merger simulation model compared with chemodynamical data of the disc and inner halo substructures
• The Bulge of M31
• Flattening of dark matter cusps during mergers: model of M31
• Enhancements to velocity-dependent dark matter interactions from tidal streams and shells in the Andromeda galaxy
• Near-infrared properties of asymptotic giant branch stars in nearby dwarf elliptical Galaxy NGC 205
• The origin of the metallicity distributions of the NE and W stellar shelves in the Andromeda Galaxy
• Environmental effects on star formation in dwarf galaxies and star clusters
• Destruction of the central black hole gas reservoir through head-on galaxy collisions
• Introduction to Tidal Streams
• Observation of HI around three satellite galaxies of the M31 with the FAST: Andromeda II, NGC 205, and NGC 185
• Constraints on Galaxy Structure and Evolution from the Light of Nearby Systems
• The nature of the Eastern Extent in the outer halo of M31
• Tomography of stellar halos: what does anisotropy in a stellar halo tell us?
• Architecture of the Andromeda: a quantitative analysis of clustering in the inner stellar halo
• Studying the dwarf galaxies in nearby groups of galaxies: spectroscopic and photometric data
• Complexity in small-scale dwarf spheroidal galaxies
• Metallicity and kinematical clues to the formation of the Local Group
• AT 2016dah and AT 2017fyp: the first classical novae discovered within a tidal stream
• A statistical analysis of the late-type stellar content in the Andromeda halo
• The mass and redshift dependence of halo star clustering
• A near-ultraviolet view of the Inner Region of M31 with the Large Binocular Telescope
• Probing the spatial and velocity anisotropies in stellar halos from the Aquarius simulations
• Resolving the outer density profile of dark matter halo in Andromeda galaxy
• The origin of the black hole offset in M31
• The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey (NGVS). XL. The Morphological Classification of Virgo Cluster Galaxies
• The survey of Planetary Nebulae in Andromeda (M31): I. Imaging the disk and halo with MegaCam@CFHT
• The Evolution of the Hubble Sequence: morpho-kinematics of distant galaxies
• The Formation of Large Galactic Disks: Revival or Survival?
• Stellar populations of stellar halos: Results from the Illustris simulation
• The Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Southern Treasury (PHAST). II. The Spatially Resolved Recent Star Formation History in M31
• Observational Comparison of Star Formation in Different Galaxy Types
• COSTA: the COld STream finder Algorithm. Searching for kinematical substructures in the phase space of discrete tracers
• Properties of the Lower Segment of M31's North West Stream
• The Future of Stellar Populations Studies in the Milky Way and the Local Group
• Deep Studies of the Resolved Stellar Populations in the Outskirts of M31
• A Long Tidal Feature Extending from a Low-Redshift Galaxy Revealed in Rubin Data Preview 1 Imaging