Growth of Massive Black-Holes in FFB Galaxies at Cosmic Dawn

Abstract

The scenario of feedback-free starbursts (FFB), which predicts excessively bright galaxies at cosmic dawn as observed using JWST, may provide a natural setting for black hole (BH) growth. This involves the formation of intermediate-mass seed BHs and their runaway mergers into super-massive BHs with high BH-to-stellar mass ratios and low AGN luminosities. We present a scenario of merger-driven BH growth in FFB galaxies and study its feasibility. BH seeds form within the building blocks of the FFB galaxies, namely, thousands of compact star clusters, each starbursting in a free-fall time of a few Myr before the onset of stellar and supernova feedback. The BH seeds form by rapid core collapse in the FFB clusters, in a few free-fall times, sped up by the migration of massive stars due to the young, broad stellar mass function and stimulated by a `gravo-gyro' instability due to internal cluster rotation and flattening. BHs of $10^4{M}_{\odot }$ are expected in $10^6{M}_{\odot }$ FFB clusters within sub-kpc galactic disks at $z\sim 10$. The BHs then migrate to the galaxy center by dynamical friction, hastened by the compact FFB stellar galactic disk configuration. Efficient mergers of the BH seeds will produce $10^{6-8}{M}_{\odot }$ BHs with a BH-to-stellar mass ratio $\sim 0.01$ by $z\sim 4-7$, as observed. The growth of the central BH by mergers can overcome the bottleneck introduced by gravitational wave recoils if the BHs inspiral within a relatively cold disk or if the escape velocity from the galaxy is boosted by a wet compaction event. Such events, common in massive galaxies at high redshifts, can also help by speeding up the inward BH migration and by providing central gas to assist with the final parsec problem. The cold disk version of the FFB scenario provides a feasible route for the formation of supermassive BHs.

24 pages, 14 figures

References in corpus (48)

• A luminous quasar at a redshift of z = 7.085
• Formation of Massive Galaxies at High Redshift: Cold Streams, Clumpy Disks and Compact Spheroids
• Compaction and Quenching of High-z Galaxies in Cosmological Simulations: Blue and Red Nuggets
• A Comprehensive Study on Galaxies at z~9-16 Found in the Early JWST Data: UV Luminosity Functions and Cosmic Star-Formation History at the Pre-Reionization Epoch
• Large Merger Recoils and Spin Flips From Generic Black-Hole Binaries
• Supermassive black hole formation during the assembly of pre-galactic discs
• Simulating cosmic structure formation with the GADGET-4 code
• The Pan-STARRS1 distant z>5.6 quasar survey: more than 100 quasars within the first Gyr of the universe
• JADES. The diverse population of infant Black Holes at 4<z<11: merging, tiny, poor, but mighty
• Formation of the first nuclear clusters and massive black holes at high redshift
• GA-NIFS: A massive black hole in a low-metallicity AGN at $z\sim 5.55$ revealed by JWST/NIRSpec IFS
• Efficient Formation of Massive Galaxies at Cosmic Dawn by Feedback-Free Starbursts
• Very low metallicity massive star models: Pre-SN evolution and primary nitrogen production
• Clumpy Galaxies in CANDELS. I. The Definition of UV Clumps and the Fraction of Clumpy Galaxies at 0.5<z<3
• JWST CEERS & JADES Active Galaxies at z = 4-7 Violate the Local $M_{\bullet }-M_{\star }$ Relation at $>3\sigma$: Implications for Low-Mass Black Holes and Seeding Models
• Rapid growth of seed black holes in the early universe by supra-exponential accretion
• Dynamics of triple black hole systems in hierarchically merging massive galaxies
• Dynamical friction in constant density cores: a failure of the Chandrasekhar formula
• Anatomy of the binary black hole recoil: A multipolar analysis
• The erratic dynamical life of black hole seeds in high-redshift galaxies
• Are the ultra-high-redshift galaxies at z > 10 surprising in the context of standard galaxy formation models?
• On the evolution and fate of supermassive stars
• Intermediate Mass Black Hole Formation in compact Young Massive Star Clusters
• Survival and mass growth of cold gas in a turbulent, multiphase medium
• The eye of Gaia on globular clusters kinematics: internal rotation
• Interactions between multiple supermassive black holes in galactic nuclei: a solution to the final parsec problem
• Feedback-Free Starbursts at Cosmic Dawn: Observable Predictions for JWST
• Templates for Fitting Photometry of Ultra-High-Redshift Galaxies
• N-body Models of Rotating Globular Clusters
• Wet Compaction to a Blue Nugget: a Critical Phase in Galaxy Evolution
• Comparative study between N-body and Fokker-Planck simulations for rotating star clusters - II. 2-component models
• Comparative study between N-body and Fokker-Planck simulations for rotating star clusters: I. Equal-mass system
• Stellar Masses of Giant Clumps in CANDELS and Simulated Galaxies Using Machine Learning
• Outflows Driven by Direct and Reprocessed Radiation Pressure in Massive Star Clusters
• Simulations predict intermediate-mass black hole formation in globular clusters
• Origin of supermassive black holes in massive metal-poor protoclusters
• A Self-Consistent, Time-Dependent Treatment of Dynamical Friction: New Insights regarding Core Stalling and Dynamical Buoyancy
• The growth of intermediate mass black holes through tidal captures and tidal disruption events
• The impact of stellar evolution on rotating star clusters: the gravothermal-gravogyro catastrophe and the formation of a bar of black holes
• Overmassive black holes at cosmic noon: linking the local and the high-redshift Universe
• Compaction-Driven Black Hole Growth
• On the Orbital Decay of Globular Clusters in NGC1052-DF2: Testing a Baryon-Only Mass Model
• Clump Survival and Migration in VDI Galaxies: an Analytic Model versus Simulations and Observations
• A model for the minimum mass of bound stellar clusters and its dependence on the galactic environment
• Efficient multi-timescale dynamics of precessing black-hole binaries
• The statistical properties of stars at redshift, z=5, compared with the present epoch
• The nature of giant clumps in high-z discs: a deep-learning comparison of simulations and observations
• Conditions for Clump Survival in High-z Disc Galaxies

Cited by in corpus (8)

• Density modulated star formation efficiency: implications for the observed abundance of ultra-violet luminous galaxies at z>10
• A rapid channel for the collisional formation and gravitational wave driven mergers of supermassive black hole seeds at high redshift
• COSMOS-Web: The emergence of the Hubble Sequence
• Spectral Uniformity of Little Red Dots: A Natural Outcome of Coevolving Seed Black Holes and Nascent Starbursts
• Robust μ-distortion constraints on primordial supermassive black holes from cubic (gNL) non-Gaussian perturbations
• Where Have All the Little Red Dots Gone? Supermassive Black Hole Binary Dynamics and its Impact on Galaxy Properties
• The Cliff: A Metal-Poor Little Red Dot Hosting an Overmassive Black Hole at $z=3.55$
• Cosmic wallflowers: the circumgalactic origins of isolated ultra-compact star clusters at $z>7$