JWST-TST High Contrast: JWST/NIRCam observations of the young giant planet $\beta$ Pic b

Abstract

We present the first JWST/NIRCam observations of the directly-imaged gas giant exoplanet $\beta$ Pic b. Observations in six filters using NIRCam's round coronagraphic masks provide a high signal-to-noise detection of $\beta$ Pic b and the archetypal debris disk around $\beta$ Pic over a wavelength range of $\sim$1.7-5 $\mu$m. This paper focuses on the detection of $\beta$ Pic b and other potential point sources in the NIRCam data, following a paper by Rebollido et al. which presented the NIRCam and MIRI view of the debris disk around $\beta$ Pic. We develop and validate approaches for obtaining accurate photometry of planets in the presence of bright, complex circumstellar backgrounds. By simultaneously fitting the planet's PSF and a geometric model for the disk, we obtain planet photometry that is in good agreement with previous measurements from the ground. The NIRCam data supports the cloudy nature of $\beta$ Pic b's atmosphere and the discrepancy between its mass as inferred from evolutionary models and the dynamical mass reported in the literature. We further identify five additional localized sources in the data, but all of them are found to be background stars or galaxies based on their color or spatial extent. We can rule out additional planets in the disk midplane above 1 Jupiter mass outward of 2 arcsec ($\sim$40 au) and away from the disk midplane above 0.05 Jupiter masses outward of 4 arcsec ($\sim$80 au). The inner giant planet $\beta$ Pic c remains undetected behind the coronagraphic masks of NIRCam in our observations.

arXiv comment30 pages, 14 figures, published in AJ

References in corpus (92)

• SciPy 1.0--Fundamental Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python
• Array Programming with NumPy
• Astropy: A Community Python Package for Astronomy
• emcee: The MCMC Hammer
• The Astropy Project: Building an inclusive, open-science project and status of the v2.0 core package
• The Astropy Project: Sustaining and Growing a Community-oriented Open-source Project and the Latest Major Release (v5.0) of the Core Package
• Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction
• The James Webb Space Telescope
• X-ray spectral modelling of the AGN obscuring region in the CDFS: Bayesian model selection and catalogue
• Evolutionary models for cool brown dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets. The case of HD 20945
• The Limiting Effects of Dust in Brown Dwarf Model Atmospheres
• The effects of snowlines on C/O in planetary atmospheres
• Angular Differential Imaging: a Powerful High-Contrast Imaging Technique
• Models of Stars, Brown Dwarfs and Exoplanets
• Detection and Characterization of Exoplanets and Disks using Projections on Karhunen-Loeve Eigenimages
• A probable giant planet imaged in the Beta Pictoris disk
• The James Webb Space Telescope Mission
• A new algorithm for point spread function subtraction in high-contrast imaging: a demonstration with angular differential imaging
• The Mid-Infrared Instrument for the James Webb Space Telescope I: Introduction
• The Science Performance of JWST as Characterized in Commissioning
• The fast spin-rotation of a young extrasolar planet
• NIRCam Performance on JWST In Flight
• Fundamental limitations of high contrast imaging set by small sample statistics
• Spectral and Photometric Diagnostics of Giant Planet Formation Scenarios
• Imaging Extrasolar Giant Planets
• A planet on an inclined orbit as an explanation of the warp in the Beta Pictoris disk
• A new set of atmosphere and evolution models for cool T-Y brown dwarfs and giant exoplanets
• The Hipparcos-Gaia Catalog of Accelerations: Gaia EDR3 Edition
• Weather on Other Worlds. II. Survey Results: Spots Are Ubiquitous on L and T Dwarfs
• The Mid-Infrared Instrument for the James Webb Space Telescope, VI: The Medium Resolution Spectrometer
• Stellar and substellar companions from Gaia EDR3 -- Proper motion anomaly and resolved common proper motion pairs
• The Mid-Infrared Instrument for JWST, II: Design and Build
• JWST MIRI flight performance: The Medium-Resolution Spectrometer
• Methane, Carbon Monoxide, and Ammonia in Brown Dwarfs and Self-Luminous Giant Planets
• On the Cool Side: Modeling the Atmospheres of Brown Dwarfs and Giant Planets
• HST/ACS Multiband Coronagraphic Imaging of the Debris Disk around Beta Pictoris
• Dynamical modeling of large scale asymmetries in the beta Pictoris dust disk
• STIS Coronagraphic Observations of Beta Pictoris
• The New Generation Planetary Population Synthesis (NGPPS). I. Bern global model of planet formation and evolution, model tests, and emerging planetary systems
• A self-consistent cloud model for brown dwarfs and young giant exoplanets: comparison with photometric and spectroscopic observations
• The JWST Early Release Science Program for Direct Observations of Exoplanetary Systems II: A 1 to 20 Micron Spectrum of the Planetary-Mass Companion VHS 1256-1257 b
• Molecular abundances and C/O ratios in chemically evolving planet-forming disk midplanes
• Detection and Characterization of Exoplanets using Projections on Karhunen-Loeve Eigenimages: Forward Modeling
• Substructure in the Circumstellar Disk around the Young Star AU Mic (GJ 803)
• A library of near-infrared integral field spectra of young M-L dwarfs
• Constraining the initial entropy of directly-detected exoplanets
• Consistent simulations of substellar atmospheres and non-equilibrium dust-cloud formation
• orbitize!: A Comprehensive Orbit-fitting Software Package for the High-contrast Imaging Community
• A New Stellar Atmosphere Grid and Comparisons with HST/STIS Calspec Flux Distributions
• Peering into the formation history of beta Pictoris b with VLTI/GRAVITY long baseline interferometry
• MIRACLES: atmospheric characterization of directly imaged planets and substellar companions at 4-5 $\mu$m. I. Photometric analysis of $\beta$ Pic b, HIP 65426 b, PZ Tel B and HD 206893 B
• Direct confirmation of the radial-velocity planet $\beta$ Pic c
• A Combined VLT and Gemini Study of the Atmosphere of the Directly-Imaged Planet, beta Pictoris b
• The near-infrared spectral energy distribution of β Pictoris b
• The Inner Rings of Beta Pictoris
• Dynamical traceback age of the $\beta$ Pictoris moving group
• Interpreting the photometry and spectroscopy of directly imaged planets: a new atmospheric model applied to beta Pictoris b and SPHERE observations
• Medium-resolution integral-field spectroscopy for high-contrast exoplanet imaging: Molecule maps of the $\beta$ Pictoris system with SINFONI
• Luminosity of young Jupiters revisited. Massive cores make hot planets
• 1 to 2.4 micron Near-IR spectrum of the Giant Planet $\beta$ Pictoris b obtained with the Gemini Planet Imager
• First Results From VLT NACO Apodizing Phase Plate: 4-micron Images of the Exoplanet beta Pictoris b
• The Orbit and Transit Prospects for $\beta$ Pictoris b constrained with One Milliarcsecond Astrometry
• Magellan Adaptive Optics first-light observations of the exoplanet beta Pic b. II. 3-5 micron direct imaging with MagAO+Clio, and the empirical bolometric luminosity of a self-luminous giant planet
• Searching for companions down to 2 AU from beta Pictoris using the L'-band AGPM coronagraph on VLT/NACO
• Let the Great World Spin: Revealing the Stormy, Turbulent Nature of Young Giant Exoplanet Analogs with the Spitzer Space Telescope
• The mass of Beta Pictoris c from Beta Pictoris b orbital motion
• Spectroscopic characterization of HD 95086 b with the Gemini Planet Imager
• A 5 Micron Image of beta Pictoris b at a Sub-Jupiter Projected Separation: Evidence for a Misalignment Between the Planet and the Inner, Warped Disk
• Spectroscopy across the brown dwarf/planetary mass boundary - I. Near-infrared JHK spectra
• AKARI Observations of Brown Dwarfs I.: CO and CO_2 Bands in the Near-Infrared Spectra
• Magellan Adaptive Optics first-light observations of the exoplanet $\beta$ Pic b. I. Direct imaging in the far-red optical with MagAO+VisAO and in the near-IR with NICI
• PynPoint: a modular pipeline architecture for processing and analysis of high-contrast imaging data
• Precise Dynamical Masses and Orbital Fits for $\beta$ Pic b and $\beta$ Pic c
• Spitzer Variability Properties of Low-Gravity L Dwarfs
• On the Composition of Young, Directly Imaged Giant Planets
• Physical and orbital properties of Beta Pictoris b
• Astrometric Orbits for Hipparcos Stochastic Binaries
• The First JWST Spectral Energy Distribution of a Y dwarf
• Characterization of Low-mass, Wide-separation Substellar Companions to Stars in Upper Scorpius: Near-infrared Photometry and Spectroscopy
• The Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey: Dynamical Mass of the Exoplanet beta Pictoris b from Combined Direct Imaging and Astrometry
• JWST/NIRSpec Observations of the Planetary Mass Companion TWA 27B
• Addressing Systematics in the Traceback Age of the $\beta$ Pictoris Moving Group
• JWST-TST Proper Motions: I. High-Precision NIRISS Calibration and Large Magellanic Cloud Kinematics
• Chronostar: a novel Bayesian method for kinematic age determination. I. Derivation and application to the β Pictoris Moving Group
• GRAVITY K-band spectroscopy of HD 206893 B: brown dwarf or exoplanet
• The Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph for the James Webb Space Telescope -- IV. Aperture Masking Interferometry
• Constrained Reference Star Differential Imaging: Enabling High-Fidelity Imagery of Highly Structured Circumstellar Disks
• First Observations of the Brown Dwarf HD 19467 B with JWST
• The Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph for JWST -- V. Kernel Phase Imaging and Data Analysis
• Has the dust clump in the debris disk of Beta Pictoris moved?
• The beta Pictoris system: Setting constraints on the planet and the disk structures at mid-IR wavelengths with NEAR
• Simulating reflected light coronagraphy of Earth-like exoplanets with a large IR/O/UV space telescope: impact and calibration of smooth exozodiacal dust

Cited by in corpus (6)

• JWST-TST High Contrast: Living on the Wedge, or, NIRCam Bar Coronagraphy Reveals CO${}_2$ in the HR 8799 and 51 Eri Exoplanets' Atmospheres
• Multi-modal atmospheric characterization of $\beta$ Pictoris b: Adding high-resolution continuum spectra from GRAVITY
• Dynamics of the Beta Pictoris planetary system and possibility of an additional planet
• The mid-infrared spectrum of $\beta$ Pictoris b. First VLTI/MATISSE interferometric observations of an exoplanet
• Direct Imaging Discovery of Giant Exoplanet $\beta$ Pictoris d: A Decade-Long Game of Hide-and-Seek
• JWST-TST High Contrast: First Direct Spectroscopy of GJ 504 b reveals Clouds and Possible Metal Enrichment