Measuring the Dust Masses of Protoplanetary Disks in Lupus with ALMA: Evidence that Disks can be Optically Thick at 3 mm

Abstract

Accurate disk mass measurements are necessary to constrain disk evolution and the timescale of planet formation, but such measurements are difficult to make and are very dependent on assumptions. Here we look at the assumption that the disk is optically thin at radio wavelengths and the effect of this assumption on measurements of disk dust mass. We model the optical to radio spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of 41 protoplanetary disks located in the young (~1-3 Myr old) Lupus star-forming region, including 0.89 mm, 1.33 mm, and 3 mm flux densities when available. We measure disk dust masses that are ~1.5-6 times higher than when using the commonly adopted disk dust mass equation under the assumption of optically thin emission in the (sub-)millimeter. The cause of this discrepancy is that most disks are optically thick at millimeter wavelengths, even up to 3 mm, demonstrating that observations at longer wavelengths are needed to trace the fully optically thin emission of disks.

accepted to ApJ

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Cited by in corpus (15)

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• Determining Dust Properties in Protoplanetary Disks: SED-derived Masses and Settling With ALMA
• The ALMA Survey of Gas Evolution of PROtoplanetary Disks (AGE-PRO): III. Dust and Gas Disk Properties in the Lupus Star-forming Region
• The centimeter emission from planet-forming disks in Taurus
• The compositions of the HR 8799 planets reflect accretion of both solids and metal-enriched gas
• There is no disk mass budget problem of planet formation
• Dust mass in protoplanetary disks with porous dust opacities
• Intermediate mass T Tauri disk masses and a comparison to their Herbig disk descendants
• Using planet migration and dust drift to weigh protoplanetary discs
• Survey of Orion Disks with ALMA (SODA) III: Disks in wide binary systems in L1641 and L1647
• On the Efficacy of Ocean Formation with a Primordial Hydrogen Atmosphere
• Measuring Dust Masses of Protoplanetary Disks in Serpens and L1641/L1647 with ALMA
• Large Dust Grains and a Possible Dust Trap in the Polar Circumbinary Disc of HD 98800B
• Fundamental properties of protoplanetary discs determined from simultaneous fits to thermal dust images and spectral energy distributions