Pentaquark and Tetraquark states

Abstract

The past seventeen years have witnessed tremendous progress on the experimental and theoretical explorations of the multiquark states. The hidden-charm and hidden-bottom multiquark systems were reviewed extensively in [Phys. Rept. 639 (2016) 1-121]. In this article, we shall update the experimental and theoretical efforts on the hidden heavy flavor multiquark systems in the past three years. Especially the LHCb collaboration not only confirmed the existence of the hidden-charm pentaquarks but also provided strong evidence of the molecular picture. Besides the well-known $XYZ$ and $P_c$ states, we shall discuss more interesting tetraquark and pentaquark systems either with one, two, three or even four heavy quarks. Some very intriguing states include the fully heavy exotic tetraquark states $QQ\bar{Q}\bar{Q}$ and doubly heavy tetraquark states $QQ\bar{q}\bar{q}$, where $Q$ is a heavy quark. The $QQ\bar{Q}\bar{Q}$ states may be produced at LHC while the $QQ\bar{q}\bar{q}$ system may be searched for at BelleII and LHCb. Moreover, we shall pay special attention to various theoretical schemes. We shall emphasize the model-independent predictions of various models which are truly/closely related to Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). There have also accumulated many lattice QCD simulations through multiple channel scattering on the lattice in recent years, which provide deep insights into the underlying structure/dynamics of the $XYZ$ states. In terms of the recent $P_c$ states, the lattice simulations of the charmed baryon and anti-charmed meson scattering are badly needed. We shall also discuss some important states which may be searched for at BESIII, BelleII and LHCb in the coming years.

Long review invited by Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, 153 pages. References added, comments and suggestions welcome

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• Excited spectroscopy of charmed mesons from lattice QCD
• Compact pentaquark structures
• Doubly Heavy Baryons, Heavy Quark-DiQuark Symmetry and NRQCD
• Transverse momentum distributions of charmonium states with the statistical hadronization model
• The Search for Beauty-fully Bound Tetraquarks Using Lattice Non-Relativistic QCD
• Spectrum of three-body bound states in a finite volume
• The XYZ states revisited
• Three body resonances in two meson-one baryon systems
• Tetraquarks with colour-blind forces in chiral quark models
• Hidden charm N and Delta resonances with heavy-quark symmetry
• Isospin breaking, coupled-channel effects, and X(3872)
• Looking for a hidden-charm pentaquark state with strangeness $S=-1$ from ${\Xi }_b^{-}$ decay into $J/\psi K^{-}\Lambda$
• String dynamics and metastability of fully-heavy tetraquarks
• Pentaquark in the Skyrme Model
• Tetraquark state candidates: $Y(4260)$, $Y(4360)$, $Y(4660)$ and $Z_c(4020/4025)$
• Exotic mesons with double charm and bottom flavor
• A case for hidden $b\bar{b}$ tetraquarks based on $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to b\bar{b}$ cross section between $\sqrt{s}=10.54$ and 11.20 GeV
• Study of the $Z_c^{+}$ channel using lattice QCD
• Observation of Upsilon(1S) pair production in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV
• Could $Z_b(10610)$ be a $B^{\ast }\bar{B}$ molecular state?
• Lattice study of light scalar tetraquarks with I=0,2,1/2,3/2: are sigma and kappa tetraquarks?
• Heavy Quarkonium Dissociation Cross Sections in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Discovery potential of stable and near-threshold doubly heavy tetraquarks at the LHC
• Heavy-light diquark masses from QCD sum rules and constituent diquark models of tetraquarks
• Analysis of $P_c^{+}(4380)$ and $P_c^{+}(4450)$ as pentaquark states in the molecular picture with QCD sum rules
• Observation of the $Y(4140)$ structure in the $J/\psi \varphi$ Mass Spectrum in $B^{\pm }\to J/\psi \varphi K$ cays
• Decays of the X(3872) and ${\chi }_{c1}(2P)$ charmonium
• Does A Narrow Tetraquark $cc\bar{u}\bar{d}$ State Exist?
• On LHCb pentaquarks as a baryon-psi(2S) bound state -- prediction of isospin 3/2 pentaquarks with hidden charm
• Exotic Hadrons with Hidden Charm and Strangeness
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• QCD sum rule calculation for P-wave bottom baryons
• Including heavy spin effects in the prediction of a $\bar{b}\bar{b}ud$ tetraquark with lattice QCD potentials
• Can Y(4140) be a $c\bar{c}s\bar{s}$ tetraquark ?
• An solvable three-body model in finite volume
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• Implications of Heavy Quark-Diquark Symmetry for Excited Doubly Heavy Baryons and Tetraquarks
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• Different pole structures in line shapes of the $X(3872)$
• Heavy Quarkonium Hybrids: Spectrum, Decay and Mixing
• Mass spectra of doubly heavy Omega_QQ' baryons
• The three- and four-nucleon systems from chiral effective field theory
• The low lying scalar resonances in the $D^0$ decays into $K_s^0$ and $f_0(500)$, $f_0(980)$, $a_0(980)$
• A chromomagnetic mechanism for the X(3872) resonance
• Prospects of discovering stable double-heavy tetraquarks at a Tera-$Z$ factory
• ${\chi }_{c0}^{}(3915)$ As the Lightest $c\bar{c}s\bar{s}$ State
• The $N^{\ast }(1710)$ as a resonance in the $\pi \pi N$ system
• Tetraquark operators in lattice QCD and exotic flavour states in the charm sector
• Baryon states with hidden charm in the extended local hidden gauge approach
• Employing spin symmetry to disentangle different models for the XYZ states
• Few-body quark dynamics for doubly-heavy baryons and tetraquarks
• Studying the P_c(4450) resonance in J/psi photoproduction off protons
• Efimov physics in a finite volume
• New lattice action for heavy quarks
• Spectroscopy of singly, doubly, and triply bottom baryons
• Amplitude analysis and the nature of the Zc(3900)
• Mass spectra of Zc and Zb exotic states as hadron molecules
• Constructing $J/\psi$ family with updated data of charmoniumlike $Y$ states
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• Are there compact heavy four-quark bound states?
• Narrow Nucleon-$\psi (2S)$ Bound State and LHCb Pentaquarks
• Analysis of the vector and axialvector $QQ\bar{Q}\bar{Q}$ tetraquark states with QCD sum rules
• Light Scalar Tetraquark Mesons in the QCD Sum Rule
• Excited State Nucleon Spectrum with Two Flavors of Dynamical Fermions
• Remarks on the $P_c$ structures and triangle singularities
• D-wave charmed and bottomed baryons from QCD sum rules
• A QCD sum rule calculation for the Y(4140) narrow structure
• Magnetic moments of the hidden-charm pentaquark states
• Analysis of the Y(4140) with QCD sum rules
• Strong $Z_c^{+}(3900)\to J/\psi {\pi }^{+};{\eta }_c{\rho }^{+}$ decays in QCD
• Analysis of the ${\frac{1}{2}}^{\pm }$ pentaquark states in the diquark model with QCD sum rules
• Quarkonium-Nucleus Bound States from Lattice QCD
• Erratum: QCD sum rules study of the $J^{PC}=1^{--}$ charmonium $Y$ mesons
• Extraction of Hadron Interactions above Inelastic Threshold in Lattice QCD
• The Y(2175) State in the QCD Sum Rule
• Masses of doubly and triply charmed baryons
• Factorization Approach for Inclusive Production of Doubly Heavy Baryon
• Possible strange hidden-charm pentaquarks from ${\Sigma }_c^{(\ast )}{\bar{D}}_s^{\ast }$ and ${\Xi }_c^{{(}^{\prime },\ast )}{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ interactions
• The masses of $P_c^{\ast }(4380)$ and $P_c^{\ast }(4450)$ in the quasi particle diquark model
• The Y(4260) as a $J/\psi K\bar{K}$ system
• Energy shift of the three-particle system in a finite volume
• QCD sum rules study of the meson Z^+(4430)
• A description of the f2(1270), rho3(1690), f4(2050), rho5(2350) and f6(2510) resonances as multi-rho(770) states
• On the pentaquark candidates $P_c^{+}(4380)$ and $P_c^{+}(4450)$ within the soliton picture of baryons
• Tetraquark bound states in the heavy-light heavy-light system
• QCD sum rules study of the $J^{PC}=1^{--}$ charmonium $Y$ mesons
• A New Look at the $Y$ Tetraquarks and ${\Omega }_c$ Baryons in the Diquark Model
• The ${\Lambda }_b\to J/\psi K^0\Lambda$ reaction and a hidden-charm pentaquark state with strangeness
• Hadro-quarkonium from Lattice QCD
• Interplay of quark and meson degrees of freedom in near-threshold states: A practical parametrisation for line shapes
• Baryons as Three Flavor Solitons
• A Unified Approach to High Density: Pion Fluctuations in Skyrmion Matter
• Observation of an alternative ${\chi }_{c0}(2P)$ candidate in $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to J/\psi D\bar{D}$
• The structure of pentaquarks $P_c^{+}$ in the chiral quark model
• Interpreting $Z_c(3900)$ and $Z_c(4025)/Z_c(4020)$ as charged tetraquark states
• Observation of an enhancement in $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\rm Y}(1S){\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$, ${\rm Y}(2S){\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$, and ${\rm Y}(3S){\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ production around $\sqrt{s}=10.89$ GeV at Belle
• Observation of an enhancement in e+e- to Upsilon(1S)pi+pi-, Upsilon(2S)pi+pi-, and Upsilon(3S)pi+pi- production near sqrt{s}=10.89 GeV at Belle
• Strong decay mode $J/\psi p$ of hidden charm pentaquark states $P_c^{+}(4380)$ and $P_c^{+}(4450)$ in ${\Sigma }_c{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ molecular scenario
• $ud\bar{b}\bar{b}$ tetraquark resonances with lattice QCD potentials and the Born-Oppenheimer approximation
• $D{D}^{\ast }$ potentials in chiral perturbation theory and possible molecular states
• Dynamical coupled-channel approaches on a momentum lattice
• Non-strange and strange pentaquarks with hidden charm
• Search for Z_c^+(3900) in the 1^+- channel on the lattice
• Stability of tetrons
• Spectroscopy of the hidden-charm $[qc][\bar{q}\bar{c}]$ and $[sc][\bar{s}\bar{c}]$ tetraquarks
• Coupled channel analysis of molecule picture of $P_c(4380)$
• Quarkonium Contribution to Meson Molecules
• Cross section measurements of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \omega {\chi }_{c0}$ from $\sqrt{s}=$4.178 to 4.278 GeV
• Decay behaviors of Pc hadronic molecules
• Baryon states with open charm in the extended local hidden gauge approach
• Hidden-charm and bottom meson-baryon molecules coupled with five-quark states
• BB Potentials in Quenched Lattice QCD
• Analysis of the doubly heavy baryon states and pentaquark states with QCD sum rules
• Novel Method for Precisely Measuring the $X(3872)$ Mass
• Low-energy Scattering of $(D{\bar{D}}^{\ast }{)}^{\pm }$ System And the Resonance-like Structure $Z_c(3900)$
• Charm-beauty meson bound states from $B(B^{\ast })D(D^{\ast })$ and $B(B^{\ast })\bar{D}({\bar{D}}^{\ast })$ interaction
• Study of the $B{\bar{B}}^{\ast }/D{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ bound states in a Bethe-Salpeter approach
• Hidden charm octet tetraquarks from a diquark-antidiquark model
• Doubly Charmed Tetraquarks in B_c and Xi_bc Decays
• Quark model estimate of hidden-charm pentaquark resonances
• Charmonium spectroscopy and mixing with light quark and open charm states from nF=2 lattice QCD
• Disentangling the hadronic molecule nature of the $P_c(4380)$ pentaquark-like structure
• Chromomagnetism, flavour symmetry breaking and S-wave tetraquarks
• Hidden-charm molecular pentaquarks and their charm-strange partners
• The line shapes of the $Z_b(10610)$ and $Z_b(10650)$ in the elastic and inelastic channels revisited
• Masses of doubly heavy-quark baryons in an extended chromomagnetic model
• First lattice study of low-energy charmonium-hadron interaction
• QCD sum rule study of hidden-charm pentaquarks
• Hidden-charm pentaquarks as a meson-baryon molecule with coupled channels for ${\bar{D}}^{(\ast )}{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{c}}$ and ${\bar{D}}^{(\ast )}{\Sigma }_{\mathrm{c}}^{(\ast )}$
• $X(3872)\to J/\psi {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ and $X(3872)\to J/\psi {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}{\pi }^0$ decay widths from QCD sum rules
• The $X(4140)$, $X(4274)$, $X(4500)$ and $X(4700)$ in the relativized quark model
• Evidence for an ${\eta }_c(1S){\pi }^{-}$ resonance in $B^0\to {\eta }_c(1S)K^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ decays
• anti-K anti-K N molecule state in three-body calculation
• Study of J/psi->eta phi pi+pi- at BESIII
• Hidden-Beauty Charged Tetraquarks and Heavy Quark Spin Conservation
• Charmonium-nucleon potential from lattice QCD
• Heavy molecules and one-$\sigma /\omega$-exchange model
• $X(4140)$, $X(4270)$, $X(4500)$ and $X(4700)$ and their $cs\bar{c}\bar{s}$ tetraquark partners
• The $\bar{K}NN$ system with chiral dynamics
• Search for beautiful tetraquarks in the ${\rm Y}(1S)\mu \mu$ invariant-mass spectrum
• Study of $B{\bar{B}}^{\ast }$ and $B^{\ast }{\bar{B}}^{\ast }$ interactions in $I=1$ and relationship to the $Z_b(10610)$, $Z_b(10650)$ states
• The Spin-orbit force, recoil corrections and possible $B{\bar{B}}^{\ast }$ and $D{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ molecular states
• D-wave baryon resonances with charm from coupled-channel dynamics
• Could the $X(3915)$ and the $X(3930)$ Be the Same Tensor State?
• Coupled-Channel Effects for the Bottomonium with Realistic Wave Functions
• Hadronic effects on the X(3872) meson abundance in heavy ion collisions
• Static-static-light-light tetraquarks in lattice QCD
• Structure and Flow of the Nucleon Eigenstates in Lattice QCD
• Interpretation of Axial Resonances in J/psi-phi at LHCb
• Spectroscopy and Decay properties of the charmonium
• Dynamical study of $\mathbf{QQ}-\bar{\mathbf{u}}\bar{\mathbf{d}}$ mesons
• Decoding the $X(5568)$ as a fully open-flavor $su\bar{b}\bar{d}$ tetraquark state
• Two heavy-light mesons on a lattice
• Leading three-baryon forces from SU(3) chiral effective field theory
• Coupled channel approach to strangeness S = -2 baryon-bayron interactions in Lattice QCD
• Exotic open-flavor $bc\bar{q}\bar{q}$, $bc\bar{s}\bar{s}$ and $qc\bar{q}\bar{b}$, $sc\bar{s}\bar{b}$ tetraquark states
• General considerations on the nature of $Z_b(10610)$ and $Z_b(10650)$ from their pole positions
• Charmed Exotics in Heavy Ion Collisions
• Understanding the internal structures of the $X(4140)$, $X(4274)$, $X(4500)$ and $X(4700)$
• More kaonic bound states and a comprehensive interpretation of the D_{sJ} states
• Analysis of the scalar, axialvector, vector, tensor doubly charmed tetraquark states with QCD sum rules
• Exotic Tetraquark ud bar[s] bar[s] of J^P=0^+ in the QCD Sum Rule
• Nucleon resonances $N(1875)$ and $N(2100)$ as strange partners of LHCb pentaquarks
• Pionic transitions from X(3872) to chi_{cJ}
• Hidden-charm pentaquarks and their hidden-bottom and $B_c$-like partner states
• Production of doubly charmed tetraquarks with exotic color configurations in electron-positron collisions
• A narrow $DNN$ quasi-bound state
• Y(4260) on the lattice
• Canonical description of the new LHCb resonances
• The baryo-quarkonium picture for hidden-charm and bottom pentaquarks and LHCb $P_{\mathrm{c}}(4380)$ and $P_{\mathrm{c}}(4450)$ states
• QCD sum rule Study of the $d^{\ast }(2380)$
• Scalar tetraquark state candidates: $X(3915)$, $X(4500)$ and $X(4700)$
• $(Q\bar{s}{)}^{(\ast )}(\bar{Q}s{)}^{(\ast )}$ molecular states from QCD sum rules: a view on Y(4140)
• Zc(4200)+ decay width as a charmonium-like tetraquark state
• Systematic studies of charmonium-, bottomonium-, and $B_c$-like tetraquark states
• Two- and three-body interactions in ${\phi }^4$ theory from lattice simulations
• Do $c\bar{c}n\bar{n}$ bound states exist?
• Quark mass dependence of the X(3872) binding energy
• Four-quark Bound States in Chiral SU(3) Quark Model
• Observation of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}{\pi }^0{\chi }_{bJ}$ and search for $X_b\to \omega {\rm Y}(1S)$ at $\sqrt{s}\sim 10.867$ GeV
• $X(3872)$ production and absorption in a hot hadron gas
• A possible global group structure for exotic states
• Prediction of exotic doubly charmed baryons within chiral effective field theory
• X(3872) in lattice QCD with exact chiral symmetry
• QCD Sum Rule Study of the Masses of Light Tetraquark Scalar Mesons
• The hidden charm pentaquarks are the hidden color-octet $uud$ baryons?
• Lattice QCD study of doubly-charmed strange baryons
• Search for low-lying lattice QCD eigenstates in the Roper regime
• Establishing low-lying doubly charmed baryons
• Discovery potential of hidden charm baryon resonances via photoproduction
• Lattice baryon spectroscopy with multi-particle interpolators
• Four-quark structure of Zc(3900), Z(4430) and Xb(5568) states
• The I^G J^{PC}=1^- 1^{-+} Tetraquark States
• A hidden-charm pentaquark state in ${\Lambda }_b^0\to J/\psi p{\pi }^{-}$ decay
• Prediction of triple-charm molecular pentaquarks
• Construction of energy-independent potentials above inelastic thresholds in quantum field theories
• Heavy Hadrons and QCD Instantons
• Search for a new bottomonium state decaying to Upsilon(1S) pi+ pi- in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV
• Heavy pentaquark spectroscopy in the diquark model
• Charm annihilation effects on the hyperfine splitting in charmonium
• Heavy-Quark Symmetry Partners of the Pc(4450) Pentaquark
• Chiral Properties of Baryon Fields with Flavor SU(3) Symmetry
• Strong decays of higher charmonium states into open-charm meson pairs
• Pentaquarks
• Understanding spin parity of $P_c(4450)$ and $Y(4274)$ in a hadronic molecular state picture
• Hidden-Bottom Pentaquarks
• An numerical approach for finite volume three-body interaction
• Dense Baryonic Matter in Hidden Local Symmetry Approach: Half-Skyrmions and Nucleon Mass
• BB Intermeson Potentials in the Quark Model
• Hidden charm pentaquarks: mass spectrum, magnetic moments, and photocouplings
• The $Z_c$ structures in a coupled-channels model
• Nucleon-$J/\psi$ and nucleon-${\eta }_c$ scattering in $P_c$ pentaquark channels from LQCD
• Observation of the decay $X(3872)\to {\pi }^0{\chi }_{c1}(1P)$
• Weak decays of the axial-vector tetraquark $T_{bb;\bar{u}\bar{d}}^{-}$
• The meson $Z^{+}(4430)$ as a tetraquark state
• Faddeev fixed-center approximation to the $N\bar{K}K$ system and the signature of a $N^{\ast }(1920)(1/2^{+})$ state
• Doubly heavy hadrons and the domain of validity of doubly heavy diquark--anti-quark symmetry
• Dissociation cross sections of ground-state and excited charmonia with light mesons in the quark model
• ${\bar{B}}^{(\ast )}{\bar{B}}^{(\ast )}$ interactions in chiral effective field theory
• Diquark and light four-quark states
• Heavy Quarkonium Potential Model and the ${}^1{P}_1$ State of Charmonium
• How to Search for Doubly Charmed Baryons and Tetraquarks
• Heavy quark symmetry and weak decays of the $b$-baryons in pentaquarks with a $c\bar{c}$ component
• $B\to {\chi }_{c1}(1P,2P)K$ decays in QCD factorization and X(3872)
• Surveying exotic pentaquarks with the typical $QQqq\bar{q}$ configuration
• The doubly charmed pseudoscalar tetraquarks $T_{cc;\bar{s}\bar{s}}^{++}$ and $T_{cc;\bar{d}\bar{s}}^{++}$
• Analysis of the mass and width of the $Y(4274)$ as axialvector molecule-like state
• Benchmark calculations for elastic fermion-dimer scattering
• Note on X(3872) production at hadron colliders and its molecular structure
• $K^{\ast }$ mesons with hidden charm arising from $KX(3872)$ and $K{Z}_c(3900)$ dynamics
• $D$-wave heavy baryons of the $SU(3)$ flavor $6_F$
• Tetraquark Production in Double Parton Scattering
• Hadronic molecules with both open charm and bottom
• Pentaquarks with hidden charm as hadroquarkonia
• Threshold corrections of ${\chi }_{\mathrm{c}}(2P)$ and ${\chi }_{\mathrm{b}}(3P)$ states and $J/\psi \rho$ and $J/\psi \omega$ transitions of the $X(3872)$ in a coupled-channel model
• Hadronic Molecules in Lattice QCD
• Mass spectra for $qc\bar{q}\bar{c}$, $sc\bar{s}\bar{c}$, $qb\bar{q}\bar{b}$, $sb\bar{s}\bar{b}$ tetraquark states with $J^{PC}=0^{++}$ and $2^{++}$
• Production of $Y(4260)$ as a hadronic molecule state of $\bar{D}{D}_1+c.c.$ in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilations
• Possible triple-charm molecular pentaquarks from ${\Xi }_{cc}{D}_1/{\Xi }_{cc}{D}_2^{\ast }$ interactions
• Exotic triple-charm deuteron-like hexaquarks
• Weak Decays of Stable Doubly Heavy Tetraquark States
• Hidden Charm Pentaquark $P_c(4380)$ and Doubly Charmed Baryon ${\Xi }_{cc}^{\ast }(4380)$ as Hadronic Molecule States
• Mass Spectrum of Heavy Quarkonium Hybrids
• Effects of $Z_b$ states and bottom meson loops on ${\rm Y}(4S)\to {\rm Y}(1S,2S){\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ transitions
• Low-energy $D^{\ast +}{D}_1^0$ Scattering and the Resonance-like Structure $Z^{+}(4430)$
• Contribution of $DK$ Continuum in the QCD Sum Rule for $D_{sJ}(2317)$
• Spin partners of the $Z_b(10610)$ and $Z_b(10650)$ revisited
• Spin partners $W_{bJ}$ from the line shapes of the $Z_b(10610)$ and $Z_b(10650)$
• Effects of a $N^{\ast }$ resonance with hidden charm in the ${\pi }^{-}p\to D^{-}{\Sigma }_c^{+}$ reaction near threshold
• The Tetraquark Candidate Zc(3900) from Dynamical Lattice QCD Simulations
• Finite volume corrections to the binding energy of the X(3872)
• Exotic $bc\bar{q}\bar{q}$ four-quark states
• Three-particle bound states in a finite volume: unequal masses and higher partial waves
• Investigating the hidden-charm and hidden-bottom pentaquark resonances in scattering process
• A possible partner state of the $Y(2175)$
• $Z_c(3900)$ as a $D{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ molecule from the pole counting rule
• LHCb pentaquarks in constituent quark models
• Color spin wave functions of heavy tetraquark states
• Hybrid Charmonium Production in B Decays
• The $P$-wave $[cs][\bar{c}\bar{s}]$ tetraquark state: Y(4260) or Y(4660)?
• $Z_c(3900)/Z_c(3885)$ as a virtual state from $\pi J/\psi -{\bar{D}}^{\ast }D$ interaction
• Triply heavy tetraquark states with the $QQ\bar{Q}\bar{q}$ configuration
• Model-independent observation of exotic contributions to $B^0\to J/\psi K^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ decays
• The string-junction picture of multiquark states: an update
• Exotic Doubly Charmed Ds0*(2317)D and Ds1*(2460)D* Molecules
• How to understand the underlying structures of $X(4140)$, $X(4274)$, $X(4500)$ and $X(4700)$
• Dense baryonic matter in conformally-compensated hidden local symmetry: Vector manifestation and chiral symmetry restoration
• Tetraquarks, hadronic molecules, meson-meson scattering and disconnected contributions in lattice QCD
• Open-flavor charmed/bottom $sq\bar{q}\bar{Q}$ and $qq\bar{q}\bar{Q}$ tetraquark states
• Exploring the resonances $X(4140)$ and $X(4274)$ through their decay channels
• Scale Invariance in Heavy Hadron Molecules
• Light quark mass dependence of the X(3872) in XEFT
• Gluonic excitation of non-exotic hybrid charmonium from lattice QCD
• Bound state formation in the $DDK$ system
• The I^G J^{PC}=0^+ 1^{-+} Tetraquark State
• On the nature of the K*2(1430), K*3(1780), K*4(2045), K*5(2380) and K*6 as K*--multi-rho states
• Exploratory study of possible resonances in the heavy meson - heavy baryon coupled-channel interactions
• Skyrmions with vector mesons in the hidden local symmetry approach
• Spin Effects in Heavy Hybrid Mesons on an Anisotropic Lattice
• Stable heavy pentaquarks in constituent models
• Strong Decay of $P_c(4380)$ Pentaquark in a Molecular Picture
• Electromagnetic multipole moments of the $P_c^{+}(4380)$ pentaquark in light-cone QCD
• Hidden charm molecules in finite volume
• The Width of the ${\Theta }^{+}$ Exotic Baryon in the Chiral Soliton Model
• The D-wave heavy-light mesons from QCD sum rules
• The pion-pion Interaction in the rho Channel in Finite Volume
• Re-examining the $X(4630)$ resonance in the reaction $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\Lambda }_c^{+}{\bar{\Lambda }}_c^{-}$
• Systematic study of $Z_c^{+}$ family from quark model's perspective
• Hidden Local Symmetry and Infinite Tower of Vector Mesons for Baryons
• $B_s{\pi }^{+}$ scattering and search for X(5568) with lattice QCD
• Production and detection of doubly charmed tetraquarks
• Understanding the nature of the heavy pentaquarks and searching for them in pion-induced reactions
• $D^{\ast }{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ molecule interpretation of $Z_c(4025)$
• Unified Fano-like interference picture for charmonium-like states $Y(4008)$, $Y(4260)$ and $Y(4360)$
• Decay behavior of the strange and beauty partners of $P_c$ hadronic molecules
• $P_c(4380)$ in a constituent quark model
• Charmed hadron spectroscopy on the lattice for $N_f=2+1$ flavours
• Baryon Fields with U_L(3) \times U_R(3) Chiral Symmetry: Axial Currents of Nucleons and Hyperons
• Photoproduction of hidden-charm states in the $\gamma p\to {\bar{D}}^{\ast 0}{\Lambda }_c^{+}$ reaction near threshold
• Nature of the $Y(4260)$: A light-quark perspective
• Resolving the puzzling decay patterns of charged $Z_c$ and $Z_b$ states
• Analysis of the $B^{+}\to J/\psi \varphi K^{+}$ data at low $J/\psi \varphi$ invariant masses and the $X(4140)$ and $X(4160)$ resonances
• Deeply bound $\Xi$ tribaryon
• Possible $J^{PC}=0^{--}$ Charmonium-like State
• Theoretical support for the $\pi (1300)$ and the recently claimed $f_0(1790)$ as molecular resonances
• Spectrum of the $uudc\bar{c}$ hidden charm pentaquark with an SU(4) flavor-spin hyperfine interaction
• Doubly charmed ${\Xi }_{cc}$ molecular states from meson-baryon interaction
• Hadronic effects on the $cc\bar{q}\bar{q}$ tetraquark state in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• $Z_c(3900)$: Confronting theory and lattice simulations
• Hidden Bottom Pentaquark States with Spin 3/2 and 5/2
• Hints for the existence of hexaquark states in the baryon-antibaryon sector
• Testing confining potentials through meson/baryon hyperfine splitting ratio
• Light Quark Spin Symmetry in $Z_b$ Resonances?
• The strong decay patterns of $Z_c$ and $Z_b$ states in the relativized quark model
• Exotic vector charmonium and its leptonic decay width
• Study of the $DKK$ and $DK\bar{K}$ systems
• Charmlets
• Status of quarkonia - like negative and positive parity states in a relativistic confinement scheme
• A Search for the LHCb Charmed 'Pentaquark' using Photo-Production of $J/\psi$ at Threshold in Hall C at Jefferson Lab
• The Charged Z(4433): Towards a New Spectroscopy
• Doubly charmed tetraquarks in a diquark-antidiquark model
• The Possible J^{PC}=0^{--} Exotic State
• Heavy pentaquark states and a novel color structure
• $Z_b(10610)$ and $Z_b^{\prime }(10650)$ decays in a covariant quark model
• Masses of the tensor mesons with $J^P=2^{-}$
• Heavy pentaquark states $P_c(4380)$ and $P_c(4450)$ in the $J/\psi$ production induced by pion beams off the nucleon
• Analysis of the X(4350) as a scalar $\bar{c}c$ and $D_s^{\ast }{\bar{D}}_s^{\ast }$ mixing state with QCD sum rules
• A novel interpretation of the "${\Theta }^{+}(1540)$ pentaquark" peak
• Production of the superheavy baryon ${\Lambda }_{c\bar{c}}^{\ast }(4209)$ in kaon-induced reaction
• Interference effect as resonance killer of newly observed charmoniumlike states $Y(4320)$ and $Y(4390)$
• Pentaquark states with the $QQQq\bar{q}$ configuration in a simple model
• Study on the rare decays of $Y(4630)$ induced by final state interactions
• $X(4260)$ Revisited: A Coupled Channel Perspective
• Light quark mass dependence in heavy quarkonium physics
• Revisiting $D_{s0}^{\ast }(2317)$ as a $0^{+}$ tetraquark state from QCD sum rules
• Isovector and hidden-beauty partners of the X(3872)
• QCD sum rule studies on the $ss\bar{s}\bar{s}$ tetraquark states with $J^{PC}=1^{+-}$
• Cross section line shape of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\chi }_{c0}\omega$ around the $Y(4260)$ mass region
• Heavy Exotic Molecules with Charm and Bottom
• Production of $X(3872)$ Accompanied by a Pion in $B$ Meson Decay
• The colour triplet qqqbar cluster and pentaquark models
• Could $Y_b(10890)$ be the P-wave $[bq][\bar{b}\bar{q}]$ tetraquark state?
• A suggested search for doubly charmed baryons of $J^P=3/2^{+}$ via their electromagnetic transitions
• Baryon Fields with U_L(3) times U_R(3) Chiral Symmetry III: Interactions with Chiral (3,3_bar)+(3_bar,3) Spinless Mesons
• Comprehending Isospin breaking effects of $X(3872)$ in a Friedrichs-model-like scheme
• Observation and study of the decay $J/\psi \to \varphi \eta {\eta }^{\prime }$
• Reanalysis of the $X(3915)$, $X(4500)$ and $X(4700)$ with QCD sum rules
• On the binding of the $BD\bar{D}$ and $BDD$ systems
• Investigation of the light four-quark states with exotic $J^{PC}=0^{--}$
• Masses of the Bottom-Charm Hybrid $\bar{b}Gc$ States
• Triply heavy $QQ\bar{Q}\bar{q}$ tetraquark states
• On the hidden charm pentaquark-s in ${\Lambda }_b\to J/\psi K^{-}p$ decay
• Exotic mesons with hidden charm as diquark-antidiquark states
• $a_1(1420)$ resonance as a tetraquark state and its isospin partner
• $\Omega NN$ and $\Omega \Omega N$ states
• Y(4260) --> gamma + X(3872) in the diquarkonium picture
• Pentaquarks: Review on Models and Solitonic Calculations of Antidecuplet Magnetic Moments
• Chiral doublers of heavy-light baryons
• Large production rate of new $B_s^0{\pi }^{\pm }$ and $D_s^{\pm }{\pi }^{\pm }$ states in high energy multi-production process
• Combined fit to BaBar and Belle Data on e+e- to phi pi+ pi- and phi f0(980)
• Where are ${\chi }_{cJ}(3P)$?
• $P_c$-like pentaquarks in hidden strange sector
• Present status on experimental search for pentaquarks
• Baryons with U_L(3)*U_R(3) Chiral Symmetry IV: Interactions with Chiral (8,1)+(1,8) Vector and Axial-vector Mesons and Anomalous Magnetic Moments
• Testing the tetraquark structure for the $X$ resonances in low-lying region
• Low-energy Scattering of $(D^{\ast }{\bar{D}}^{\ast }{)}^{\pm }$ System and the Resonance-like Structure $Z_c(4025)$
• A prediction of $D^{\ast }$-multi-$\rho$ states
• Quantum chromodynamics quark benzene
• Doubly hidden-charm/bottom $QQ\bar{Q}\bar{Q}$ tetraquark states
• $Z_c(4430)$ and $Z_c(4200)$ as triangle singularities
• $Z_c(4100)$ and $Z_c(4200)$ as hadrocharmonium
• ${\eta }_{\mathrm{c}}$- and $J/\psi$-isoscalar meson bound states in the hadro-charmonium picture
• Adiabaticity and color mixing in tetraquark spectroscopy
• Light Scalar Meson sigma(600) in QCD Sum Rule with Continuum
• Investigation of $cs\bar{c}\bar{s}$ tetraquark in the chiral quark model
• Pseudovector meson with strangeness and closed-charm
• Narrow pentaquarks as diquark-diquark-antiquark systems
• Exploring open-charm decay mode ${\Lambda }_c{\bar{\Lambda }}_c$ of charmonium-like state $Y(4630)$
• A study of $\eta K\bar{K}$ and ${\eta }^{\prime }K\bar{K}$ with the fixed center approximation to Faddeev equations
• Dimesonic states with the heavy-light flavour mesons
• Coupled channel Faddeev calculations of a (Kbar-N-pi) quasibound state
• Decipher the short-distance component of $X(3872)$ in $B_c$ decays
• Searching for charmoniumlike states with hidden $s\bar{s}$
• Mass splittings of SU(3) baryons within a chiral soliton model
• Calculating the Fierz Transformation for Higher Orders
• Triangle singularities in ${\bar{B}}^0\to {\chi }_{c1}{K}^{-}{\pi }^{+}$ relevant to $Z_1(4050)$ and $Z_2(4250)$
• Revisiting hidden-charm pentaquarks from QCD sum rules
• The role of hidden-charm pentaquark resonance $P_c^{+}(4450)$ in $J/\psi$ photoproduction on nuclei near threshold
• Strategies for an accurate determination of the X(3872) energy from QCD lattice simulations
• Interpretation of $Y(4390)$ as an isoscalar partner of $Z(4430)$ from $D^{\ast }(2010){\bar{D}}_1(2420)$ interaction
• Baryon fields with $U_L(3)\times U_R(3)$ chiral symmetry V: Pion-Nucleon and Kaon-Nucleon $\Sigma$ Terms
• Chiral Baryon Fields in the QCD Sum Rule
• The Skyrme Model for Baryons
• Reanalysis of the $X(4140)$ as axialvector tetraquark state with QCD sum rules
• Searching for hidden-charm baryonium signals in QCD sum rules
• Probing the $X(4350)$ in $\gamma \gamma$ interactions at the LHC
• Charmonium-nucleon interactions from the time-dependent HAL QCD method
• Possible $J^{PC}=0^{+-}$ Exotic State
• Static-light meson-meson potentials
• Disentangling the role of the $Y(4260)$ in $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to D^{\ast }{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ and $D_s^{\ast }{\bar{D}}_s^{\ast }$ via line shape studies
• Spectra of heavy-light and heavy-heavy mesons containing charm quarks, including higher spin states for $N_f=2+1$
• Production of the $Z_b^{(\prime )}$ states from the ${\rm Y}(5S,6S)$ decays
• F-wave heavy-light meson spectroscopy in QCD sum rules and heavy quark effective theory
• The Strong Decays of X(3940) and X(4160)
• Predicting the existence of a 2.9 GeV $D{f}_0(980)$ molecular state
• The $J^P=1^{+}$ $ud\bar{s}\bar{s}$ Tetraquark
• Flavor-singlet charm pentaquark
• Light vector meson and heavy baryon strong interaction
• ${\rm Y}(6S)$ and triangle singularity in $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to B_1(5721)\bar{B}\to Z_b(10610)\pi$
• Analysis of the mass and width of the $X^{\ast }(3860)$ with QCD sum rules
• Estimates of the $X(3872)$ Cross Section at a Hadron Collider
• Charmonium spectrum with a Dirac potential model in the momentum space
• Exotic hadron production in quark combination model
• Radiative and $\rho$ transitions between heavy quarkonium and isovector four-quark states
• A variational fit to the lattice energy of two heavy-light mesons
• Branching fractions of $B_{(c)}$ decays involving $J/\psi$ and $X(3872)$
• Displaced $B_c^{-}$ mesons as an inclusive signature of weakly decaying double beauty hadrons
• Role of $Y(4630)$ in the $p\bar{p}\to {\Lambda }_c{\bar{\Lambda }}_c$ reaction near threshold
• The $X(4140)$ and $X(4160)$ resonances in the $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \gamma J/\psi \varphi$ reaction
• Production of $X(3872)$ Accompanied by a Soft Pion at Hadron Colliders
• Understanding the ${\eta }_c\rho$ decay mode of $Z_c^{(\prime )}$ via the triangle loop mechanism
• Radiative and pionic transitions $Z_c(4020{)}^0\to X(3872)\gamma$ and $Z_c(4020{)}^{\pm }\to X(3872){\pi }^{\pm }$
• Possible hadronic molecular states composed of $S$-wave heavy-light mesons
• Can X(3915) be the tensor partner of the X(3872)?
• Possible $D^{(\ast )}{\bar{D}}^{(\ast )}$ and $B^{(\ast )}{\bar{B}}^{(\ast )}$ molecular states in the extended constituent quark models
• X(3872) as a molecular $D{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ state in the Bethe-Salpeter equation approach
• Colour connections of four quark $Q\bar{Q}{Q}^{\prime }{\bar{Q}}^{\prime }$ system and doubly heavy baryon production in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation
• Search for doubly charmed hadron at B factory
• $T_{bbb}$: a three $B-$meson bound state
• Coupled-Channel-Induced $S-D$ mixing of Charmonia and Testing Possible Assignments for $Y(4260)$ and $Y(4360)$
• Pentaquarks and strange tetraquark mesons
• Simple estimates of the masses of pentaquarks with hidden beauty or strangeness
• Observation of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \varphi {\chi }_{c1}$ and $\varphi {\chi }_{c2}$ at $\sqrt{s}$=4.600 GeV
• $Qq\bar{Q}{\bar{q}}^{\prime }$ States in Chiral SU(3) Quark Model
• Heavy quark spin multiplet structure of ${\bar{P}}^{(\ast )}{\Sigma }_Q^{(\ast )}$ molecular states
• A Lattice Study of $({\bar{D}}_1{D}^{\ast }{)}^{\pm }$ Near-threshold Scattering
• First observation of $B^{+}\to D_s^{+}{K}^{+}{K}^{-}$ decays and a search for $B^{+}\to D_s^{+}\varphi$ decays
• Hidden charm pentaquark and $\Lambda (1405)$ in the ${\Lambda }_b^0\to {\eta }_c{K}^{-}p(\pi \Sigma )$ reaction
• Three-Body $J^P=0^{+},1^{+},2^{+}$ $B^{\ast }{B}^{\ast }\bar{K}$ Bound States
• Tetraquark states in the bottom sector and the status of the $Y_b$(10890) state
• A plausible explanation of ${\rm Y}(10860)$
• On tetraquarks with hidden charm and strangeness as phi-psi(2S) hadrocharmonium
• Possible bound state of the double heavy meson-baryon system
• Lecture notes on the Skyrme model
• A new decay mode of higher charmonium
• Exotic Hadron Bound State Production at Hadronic Colliders
• The role of charged exotic states in $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \psi (2S){\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$
• What is the right formalism to search for resonances? II. The pentaquark chain
• Decays of Pentaquarks in Hadrocharmonium and Molecular Pictures
• Radiative decay of the $X(3872)$ as a mixed molecule-charmonium state in effective field theory
• Spectroscopy and production of doubly charmed tetraquarks
• Does the bottomonium counterpart of $X(3872)$ exist?
• The "Closed" Chiral Symmetry and Its Application to Tetraquark
• On the origin of the $Y(4260)$
• Exotic tetraquark states with $J^{PC}=0^{+-}$
• Bi-local baryon interpolating fields with two flavours
• $J/\psi N$ interactions revisited and ${\Lambda }_b^0\to J/\psi K^{-}({\pi }^{-})p$ decays
• Chiral Structure of Vector and Axial-Vector Tetraquark Currents
• Radially excited axial mesons and the enigmatic $Z_c$ and $Z_b$ in a coupled-channel model
• A lattice study of interaction mechanisms in a heavy-light meson-meson system
• Production and absorption of exotic bottomonium-like states in high energy heavy ion collisions
• Hidden-charm Pentaquark Production at $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ Colliders
• The spin parity of $Z_c^{-}$(4100), $Z_1^{+}$(4050) and $Z_2^{+}$(4250)
• The possible candidates of tetraquark : $Z_b(10610)$ and $Z_b(10650)$
• Disclosing $D^{\ast }{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ molecular states in the $B_c^{-}\to {\pi }^{-}J/\psi \omega$ decay
• Can the $\psi (4040)$ explain the peak associated with $Y(4008)$?
• Baryon Tri-local Interpolating Fields
• Hidden-charm Pentaquark States in Heavy Ion Collisions at the Large Hadron Collider
• Production of the charmoniumlike state $Y(4220)$ through the $p\bar{p}\to Y(4220){\pi }^0$ reaction
• Production of pentaquarks in $pA$-collisions
• Chiral partner structure of heavy baryons from the bound state approach with hidden local symmetry
• The electromagnetic multipole moments of the possible charm-strange pentaquarks in light-cone QCD
• Study of structures and dynamical decay mechanisms for multiquark systems
• The production of neutral $N^{\ast }(11052)$ resonance with hidden beauty from ${\pi }^{-}p$ scattering
• Faddeev fixed center approximation to $\pi \bar{K}{K}^{\ast }$ system and the ${\pi }_1(1600)$
• A mixing model for bottomoniumlike $Z_b$ resonances
• A quark model study of strong decays of $X\left(3915\right)$
• rho-rho-N and rho-rho-Delta molecules with $J^P=5/2^{+}$ and $J^P=7/2^{+}$
• Spin-1 charmonium-like states in QCD sum rule
• Search for $XYZ$ states in ${\Lambda }_b$ decays at the LHCb
• Relativistic five-quark equations and the LHCb pentaquarks
• $Z_b(10610)$ in a hadronic medium
• Hidden-charm pentaquark formation in antiproton - deuterium collisions
• Heavy tetraquark states and quarkonium hybrids
• Isospin analysis of $B\to D^{\ast }\bar{D}K$ and the absence of the $Z_c(3900)$ in $B$ decays
• The $Z_c(3900)$ peak does not come from the "triangle singularity"
• Study on decays of $Z_c(4020)$ and $Z_c(3900)$ into $h_c+\pi$
• An Estimate of the Inclusive Branching Ratio to ${\bar{B}}_c$ in ${\Xi }_{bbq}$ Decay
• Pentaquarks in semileptonic ${\Lambda }_b$ decays
• Mass splittings of the baryon decuplet and antidecuplet with the second-order flavor symmetry breakings within a chiral soliton model
• Chiral Structure of Scalar and Pseudoscalar Mesons
• Baryons with Two Heavy Quarks as Solitons
• Scalar Tetraquark Currents With Application to the QCD Sum Rule
• Bi-Local Baryon Interpolating Fields with Three Flavours
• Golden Probe of the di$-{\rm Y}$ Threshold
• The $D{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ interaction with isospin zero in an extended hidden gauge symmetry approach
• Hyperspherical-coordinate approach to the spectra and decay widths of hybrid quarkonia
• Effective-range-expansion study of near threshold heavy-flavor resonances
• The Possible Heavy Tetraquarks $qQ\bar{q}\bar{Q}$, $qq\bar{Q}\bar{Q}$ and $qQ\bar{Q}\bar{Q}$
• A study of meson-meson potential in the chiral quark model
• Semileptonic decay of $B_c^{-}$ into $X(3930)$, $X(3940)$, $X(4160)$
• Radiative decay of hadronic molecule state for quarks
• b decays: a factory for hidden charm multiquark states
• Study on the resonant parameters of $Y(4220)$ and $Y(4390)$
• The axial charges of the hidden-charm pentaquark states
• The Production of $X(3940)$ and $X(4160)$ in $B_c$ decays
• Effect of $Z_b$ states on ${\rm Y}(3S)\to {\rm Y}(1S)\pi \pi$ decays
• Dynamical study of $S$-wave $\bar{Q}Q\bar{q}q$ system
• $Q{Q}^{\prime }\bar{u}\bar{d}$ bound state in the Bethe-Salpeter equation approach
• Study of the $DKK$ and $DK\bar{K}$ systems
• Unquenching the quark model in a non-perturbative scheme
• Stability of pentaquarks with a two- plus three-body chromoelectric interaction
• Light Scalar Mesons in the QCD Sum Rule