Probing the hidden-bottom pentaquark resonances in photonuclear bottomonium production near threshold: differential observables

Abstract

We study the near-threshold ${\rm Y}(1S)$ meson photoproduction from protons and nuclei by considering incoherent direct non-resonant ($\gamma p\to {\rm Y}(1S)p$, $\gamma n\to {\rm Y}(1S)n$) and two-step resonant ($\gamma p\to P_{bi}^{+}\to {\rm Y}(1S)p$, $\gamma n\to P_{bi}^0\to {\rm Y}(1S)n$, $i=1$, 2, 3; $P_{b1}^{+,0}=P_b^{+,0}(11080)$, $P_{b2}^{+,0}=P_b^{+,0}(11125)$, $P_{b3}^{+,0}=P_b^{+,0}(11130)$) bottomonium production processes with the main goal of clarifying the possibility to observe the non-strange hidden-bottom pentaquark states $P_{bi}^{+,0}$ in this production via differential observables. We calculate the absolute excitation functions, energy and momentum distributions for the non-resonant, resonant and for the combined (non-resonant plus resonant) production of ${\rm Y}(1S)$ mesons on protons, on carbon and tungsten target nuclei at near-threshold incident photon beam energies by assuming the spin-parity assignments of the hypothetical hidden-bottom resonances $P_b^{+,0}(11080)$, $P_b^{+,0}(11125)$ and $P_b^{+,0}(11130)$ as $J^P=(1/2{)}^{-}$, $J^P=(1/2{)}^{-}$ and $J^P=(3/2{)}^{-}$ within four different realistic choices for the branching ratios of their decays to the ${\rm Y}(1S)p$ and ${\rm Y}(1S)n$ modes (0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1\%) as well as for two options for the background contribution. We demonstrate that the measurements of these combined observables on proton and nuclear targets in the near-threshold energy region in future experiments at the planned high-luminosity electron-ion colliders EIC and EicC in the US and China should provide evidence for the existence of the above hidden-bottom pentaquark resonances as well as clarify their decay rates.

33 pages, 13 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2211.16037, arXiv:2304.03978; references and some additional comments are added

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