paper

Massive Fermions in Lattice Gauge Theory

arXiv:hep-lat/9604004 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.55.3933

Abstract

This paper presents a formulation of lattice fermions applicable to all quark masses, large and small. We incorporate interactions from previous light-fermion and heavy-fermion methods, and thus ensure a smooth connection to these limiting cases. The couplings in improved actions are evaluated for arbitrary fermion mass~, without expansions around small- or large-mass limits. We treat both the action and external currents. By interpreting on-shell improvement criteria through the lattice theory's Hamiltonian, one finds that cutoff artifacts factorize into the form $b_n(m_qa)[\vek{p}a]^{s_n}$, where $\vek{p}$ is a momentum characteristic of the system under study, is related to the dimension of the th interaction, and is a bounded function, numerically always~$\order(1)$ or less. In heavy-quark systems $\vek{p}$ is typically rather smaller than the fermion mass~. Therefore, artifacts of order do not arise, even when $m_qa\gsim1$. An important by-product of our analysis is an interpretation of the Wilson and Sheikholeslami-Wohlert actions applied to nonrelativistic fermions.

54 pages; 5 files for figures, 4 for tables, 2 for macros (all included); PostScript also at http://www-theory.fnal.gov/people/ask/TeX/heavy/theory.ps.gz

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