Charmonium resonances with $J^{PC}=1^{--}$ and $3^{--}$ from $\bar{D}D$ scattering on the lattice

Abstract

We present a lattice QCD study of charmonium resonances and bound states with $J^{PC}=1^{--}$ and $3^{--}$ near the open-charm threshold, taking into account their strong transitions to $\bar{D}D$. Vector charmonia are the most abundant in the experimentally established charmonium spectrum, while recently LHCb reported also the first discovery of a charmonium with likely spin three. The $\bar{D}D$ scattering amplitudes for partial waves $l=1$ and $l=3$ are extracted on the lattice by means of the Lüscher formalism, using multiple volumes and inertial frames. Parameterizations of the scattering amplitudes provide masses and widths of the resonances, as well as the masses of bound states. CLS ensembles with 2+1 dynamical flavors of non-perturbatively $O(a)$ improved Wilson quarks are employed with $m_{\pi }\simeq 280$ MeV, a single lattice spacing of $a\simeq 0.086$ fm and two lattice spatial extents of $L=24$ and $32$. Two values of the charm quark mass are considered to examine the influence of the position of the $\bar{D}D$ threshold on the hadron masses. For the lighter charm quark mass we find the vector resonance $\psi (3770)$ with mass $m=3780(7)$ MeV and coupling $g=16.0{(}_{-0.2}^{+2.1})$ (related to the width), both consistent with their experimental values. The vector $\psi (2S)$ appears as a bound state with $m=3666(10)$ MeV. The charmonium resonance with $J^{PC}=3^{--}$ is found at $m=3831{(}_{-16}^{+10})$ MeV, consistent with the $X(3842)$ recently discovered by LHCb. At our heavier charm-quark mass the $\psi (2S)$ as well as the $\psi (3770)$ are bound states and the $X(3842)$ remains a resonance. We stress that all quoted uncertainties are only statistical, while lattice spacing effects and the approach to the physical point still need to be explored. This study of conventional charmonia sets the stage for more challenging future studies of unconventional charmonium-like states.

arXiv comment21 pages, 17 figures. Version 2: Added Appendix B and Figure 12, improved text and figures

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