Gaia Data Release 2: first stellar parameters from Apsis

Abstract

The second Gaia data release (Gaia-DR2) contains, beyond the astrometry, three-band photometry for 1.38 billion sources. We have used these three broad bands to infer stellar effective temperatures, Teff, for all sources brighter than G=17 mag with Teff in the range 3000-10 000 K (161 million sources). Using in addition the parallaxes, we infer the line-of-sight extinction, A_G, and the reddening, E[BP-RP], for 88 million sources. Together with a bolometric correction we derive luminosity and radius for 77 million sources. These quantities as well as their estimated uncertainties are part of Gaia-DR2. Here we describe the procedures by which these quantities were obtained, including the underlying assumptions, comparison with literature estimates, and the limitations of our results. Typical accuracies are of order 324 K (Teff), 0.46 mag (A_G), 0.23 mag (E[BP-RP]), 15% (luminosity), and 10% (radius). Being based on only a small number of observable quantities and limited training data, our results are necessarily subject to some extreme assumptions that can lead to strong systematics in some cases (not included in the aforementioned accuracy estimates). One aspect is the non-negativity contraint of our estimates, in particular extinction. Yet in several regions of parameter space our results show very good performance, for example for red clump stars and solar analogues. Large uncertainties render the extinctions less useful at the individual star level, but they show good performance for ensemble estimates. We identify regimes in which our parameters should and should not be used and we define a "clean" sample. Despite the limitations, this is the largest catalogue of uniformly-inferred stellar parameters to date. More precise and detailed astrophysical parameters based on the full BP/RP spectrophotometry are planned as part of the third Gaia data release.

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• An Intermediate Velocity HI Cloud Falling to the Galactic Disk; Possible Evidence for Low Metallicity HI Gas Originated Outside the Galactic Disk
• The Statistics of Extended Debris Disks Measured with Gaia and Planck
• A survey for occultation astrometry of Main Belt: expected astrometric performances
• A revision of the vdB 130 cluster stellar content based on GAIA DR2 Data. Interstellar extinction toward the Cyg OB1 supershell
• LAMOST medium-resolution spectroscopic survey of binarity and exotic star (LAMOST-MRS-B): Observation strategy and target selection
• A new sample of super-slowly rotating Ap (ssrAp) stars from the Zwicky Transient Facility survey
• TIC 5724661: A Long-Period Binary with a Pulsating sdB Star and $\delta$ Scuti Variable
• The first photometric analysis and period investigation of the K-type W UMa type binary system V0842 Cep
• Identification of young nearby runaway stars based on Gaia data and the lithium test
• Characterizing the Evolved Stellar Population in the Galactic Foreground I: Bolometric Magnitudes, Spatial Distribution and P-L Relations
• Followup ground-based observations of the dwarf nova KZ Gem
• Magnetic fields and young stellar objects in cometary cloud LDN 1616
• Searching for debris discs in the 30 Myr open cluster IC 4665
• A Catalog of 531 White Dwarf Candidates in the Local Galactic Halo from Gaia Data Release 2
• MAISTEP -- a new grid-based machine learning tool for inferring stellar parameters I. Ages of giant-planet host stars
• Hunting white dwarfs at the center of planetary nebulae
• Data-driven stellar parameters for southern TESS FGK targets
• Structure of our Galactic Bulge from CN Measurements
• The first photometric investigation of the contact binary OQ Cam
• A TESS search for donor-star pulsations in High-Mass X-ray Binaries
• The frequency by mass of Galactic carbon stars inferred from Gaia measurements of star cluster members
• A chemical close-up of the main body of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy
• Discovery of new magnetic δ Scuti stars and impact of magnetism on pulsation excitation
• Hybrid star HD 81817 accompanied by brown dwarf or substellar companion
• A Substellar Companion to a Hot Star in K2's Campaign 0 Field
• Stellar clustering and the kinematics of stars around Collinder 121 using Gaia DR3
• Curiouser and curiouser: the peculiar chemical composition of the Li/Na-rich star in Omega Centauri
• An automated occultation network for gravitational mapping of the trans-neptunian solar system
• CHANG-ES XXVII: A Radio/X-ray Catalogue of Compact Sources in and around Edge-on Galaxies
• CU-JADE: A Method for Traversing Extinction Jumps along the Line of Sight
• Joint Analysis of Multicolor Photometry: A New Approach to Constrain the Nature of Multiple-Star Systems Hosting Exoplanet Candidates
• Inferring the efficiency of convective-envelope overshooting in Red Giant Branch stars
• The chemical DNA of the Magellanic Clouds V. R-process dominates neutron capture elements production in the oldest SMC stars
• Search for Exoplanetary Transits in the Galactic Bulge
• Detection of two totally eclipsing B-type binaries with extremely low mass ratios
• Astrometric study of Gaia DR2 stars for interstellar communication
• Census of Variable Stars toward Serpens Main
• Searching for the lost Unicorn: a prominent feature in the radial velocity distribution of stars in Vela from Gaia DR2 data
• Collision of Two Stellar Associations in the Nearby Gum Nebula
• Measuring Dust Masses of Protoplanetary Disks in Serpens and L1641/L1647 with ALMA
• High reddening patches in Gaia DR2. Possible artifacts or indication of star formation at the edge of the Galactic disk
• Detecting Exoplanets Using Eclipsing Binaries as Natural Starshades
• A Kepler K2 view of subdwarf A-type stars
• A Near-Infrared Extinction and Reddening Map Towards the Galactic Bulge Using UKIRT
• BSN-VII: Photometric Light Curve Study of Three Cool, Large-Amplitude, Low Mass, W-Subtype Contact Binaries
• LAMOST J2043+3413 -- a Fast Disk Precession SW Sextans Candidate in Period Gap
• The OmegaWhite Survey for Short Period Variable Stars VI. Open Clusters
• A case study of ACV variables discovered in the Zwicky Transient Facility survey
• Identification of additional young nearby runaway stars based on Gaia data release 2 observations and the lithium test
• Asteroseismic mass and radius of the naked-eye red giant HD145250
• Characteristics of Kepler Eclipsing Binaries Displaying a Significant O'Connell Effect
• StelNet: Hierarchical Neural Network for Automatic Inference in Stellar Characterization
• TESS's First Bound Microlensing Planet: A Binary Microlensing Event Revealing a Planetary Companion toward the Galactic Plane
• Search for variable stars in the northern sky:Analysis of photometric time series for 3598 stars
• Isochrone-cloud fitting and asteroseismology of the Kepler open cluster NGC6866
• Carbon measurements in two ultra-faint dwarf galaxies: Grus II and Tucana IV
• Revisiting the exoplanet radius valley with host stars from SWEET-Cat
• Study of the open cluster Alessi-Teutsch 9 (ASCC 10) using multiband photometry and Gaia EDR3
• Cloud G074.11+00.11: a stellar cluster in formation