Weak Localization and Antilocalization in Topological Materials with Impurity Spin-Orbit Interactions

Abstract

Topological materials have attracted considerable experimental and theoretical attention. They exhibit strong spin-orbit coupling both in the band structure (intrinsic) and in the impurity potentials (extrinsic), although the latter is often neglected. Here we discuss weak localization and antilocalization of massless Dirac fermions in topological insulators and massive Dirac fermions in Weyl semimetal thin films taking into account both intrinsic and extrinsic spin-orbit interactions. The physics is governed by the complex interplay of the chiral spin texture, quasiparticle mass, and scalar and spin-orbit scattering. We demonstrate that terms linear in the extrinsic spin-orbit scattering are generally present in the Bloch and momentum relaxation times in all topological materials, and the correction to the diffusion constant is linear in the strength of the extrinsic spin-orbit. In TIs, which have zero quasiparticle mass, the terms linear in the impurity spin-orbit coupling lead to an observable density dependence in the weak antilocalization correction. They produce substantial qualitative modifications to the magnetoconductivity, differing greatly from the conventional HLN formula traditionally used in experimental fits, which predicts a crossover from weak localization to antilocalization as a function of the extrinsic spin-orbit strength. In contrast, our analysis reveals that topological insulators always exhibit weak antilocalization. In WSM thin films having intermediate to large values of the quasiparticle mass extrinsic spin-orbit scattering strongly affects the boundary of the weak localization to antilocalization transition. We produce a complete phase diagram for this transition as a function of the mass and spin-orbit scattering strength. We discuss implications for experiments and provide a brief comparison with transition metal dichalcogenides.

arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1705.07612

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• Observation of Planar Hall Effect in Topological Insulator -- Bi${}_2$Te${}_3$
• Quantum Interference Theory of Magnetoresistance in Dirac Materials
• Spin-dependent scattering induced negative magnetoresistance in topological insulator Bi2Te3 nanowires
• Weak antilocalization effect and triply degenerate state in Cu-doped CaAuAs
• Spin-orbit torques from topological insulator surface states: Effect of extrinsic spin-orbit scattering on an out-of-plane magnetization
• High Field Magneto-Transport of Mixed Topological Insulators Bi2Se3-xTex (x = 0, 1, 2 & 3)
• Coherent backscattering in the topological Hall effect
• Energy spectrum, the spin polarization, and the optical selection rules of the Kronig-Penney superlattice model with spin-orbit coupling
• Magneto-Transport and High-Resolution Angle-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy Studies of Palladium Doped Bi${}_2$Te${}_3$
• Topological phase diagram of the disordered 2XY model in presence of generalized Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction
• Large Magnetoresistance and Weak Antilocalization in V1-delta Sb2 Single Crystal
• Non-orthogonal Spin-Momentum Locking
• Accessing topological surface states and negative MR in sculpted nanowires of Bi2Te3 at ultra-low temperature