The frequency of planetary debris around young white dwarfs

Abstract

(Abridged) We present the results of the first unbiased survey for metal pollution among H-atmosphere (DA) white dwarfs with cooling ages of 20-200 Myr and 17000K < Teff < 27000K, using HST COS in the far UV between 1130 and 1435 A. The atmospheric parameters and element abundances are determined using theoretical models, which include the effects of element stratification due to gravitational settling and radiative levitation. We find 48 of the 85 DA white dwarfs studied, or 56% show traces of metals. In 25 stars, the elements can be explained by radiative levitation alone, although we argue that accretion has very likely occurred recently. The remaining 23 white dwarfs (27%) must be currently accreting. Together with previous studies, we find no accretion rate trend in cooling age from ~40 Myr to ~2 Gyr. The median, main sequence progenitor of our sample corresponds to a star of ~2 Msun, and we find 13 of 23 white dwarfs descending from 2-3 Msun late B- and A-type stars to be currently accreting. Only one of 14 targets with Mwd > 0.8 Msun is found to be currently accreting, which suggests a large fraction are double-degenerate mergers, and the merger discs do not commonly reform large planetesimals or otherwise pollute the remnant. We reconfirm our previous finding that two white dwarf Hyads are currently accreting rocky debris. At least 27%, and possibly up to ~50%, of all white dwarfs with cooling ages 20-200 Myr are accreting planetary debris. At Teff > 23000K, the luminosity of white dwarfs is likely sufficient to vaporize circumstellar dust, and hence no stars with strong metal-pollution are found. However, planetesimal disruption events should occur in this cooling age and Teff range as well, and likely result in short phases of high mass transfer rates. It appears that the formation of rocky planetary material is common around 2-3 Msun late B- and A-type stars.

arXiv commentAccepted by A&A

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• Small and Close-In Planets are Uncommon Around A-type Stars
• A half-ring of ionized circumstellar material trapped in the magnetosphere of a white dwarf merger remnant
• Planetary magnetosphere evolution around post-main-sequence stars
• Planetesimals drifting through dusty and gaseous white dwarf debris discs: Types I, II and III-like migration
• Discovery of an icy and nitrogen-rich extrasolar planetesimal
• Characterizing planetary material accreted by cool helium atmosphere white dwarfs using an exponentially decaying disc model
• Measurement of stellar and substellar winds using white dwarf hosts
• Spectroscopy of TOI-1259B -- an unpolluted white dwarf companion to an inflated warm Saturn
• An Imaging Search for Post-Main-Sequence Planets of Sirius B
• White dwarf magnetospheres: Shielding volatile content of icy objects and implications for volatile pollution scarcity
• Partial disruption of a planet around a white dwarf: the effect of perturbation from the remnant planet on the accretion
• Origin of Ca II emission around polluted white dwarfs
• A hot white dwarf merger remnant revealed by an ultraviolet detection of carbon
• White dwarf constraints on geological processes at the population level
• Tracing Planetary Accretion in a 3 Gyr-old Hydrogen-Rich White Dwarf: The Extremely Polluted Atmosphere of LSPM J0207+3331
• Gaia white dwarfs with infrared excess I. The 100 pc catalogue
• J-PLUS: The fraction of calcium white dwarfs along the cooling sequence
• PHL 5038AB: Is the brown dwarf causing pollution of its white dwarf host star?
• Gyr-timescale destruction of high-eccentricity asteroids by spin and why 2006 HY51 has been spared
• Searching for Low-mass Population III Stars Disguised as White Dwarfs
• Characterisation of the eclipsing post-common-envelope binary TIC 60040774
• Extrasolar enigmas: from disintegrating exoplanets to exoasteroids
• TOI-1259Ab: A Warm Jupiter Orbiting a K-dwarf White-Dwarf Binary is on a Well-aligned Orbit
• Three-body Mean Motion Resonance Chains as a Delivery Mechanism for White Dwarf Pollution
• Discovery of a second-generation planet candidate accreting onto a white dwarf
• Formation, diffusion and accreting pollution of DB white dwarfs
• Planets or asteroids? A geochemical method to constrain the masses of White Dwarf pollutants
• Observational Signatures of Planetary Tidal Disruption Events Around Solar-Mass Stars
• I Can Do It With A Broken Planetesimal: Characterising the planetary debris in heavily polluted cool white dwarfs
• Atmospheric Signatures of Common Envelope Evolution in White Dwarf Planets
• Drifters on the edge of town: $\lambda$ Boötis stars in clusters
• Detecting water ice and vapor disks originating from icy planetary bodies around white dwarfs with future PRIMA observations
• Modeling Circumstellar Gas Emission around a White Dwarf Using Cloudy
• Detection and Preliminary Characterisation of Polluted White Dwarfs from Gaia EDR3 and LAMOST
• A Higher Cadence Subsurvey Located in the Galactic Plane